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The Income Tax Appellate Tribunal, Visakhapatnam, recently ruled that advances given to the directors of a Company for purchase of land cannot be treated as deemed dividend Under section 2(22)(e) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 since the land is transferred to the company within time.
In the instant case, as mentioned earlier, the amounts received by assessee is nothing but loan / advance from NIPL and assessee is camouflaging the same as a commercial transaction relating to sale of property in order to get over the provisions of Section 2(22)(e) of the Income-tax Act.
Capital reduction is a commonly adopted tool by companies for re-engineering their capital structure. The need for reducing share capital may arise owing to a number of reasons, such as returning excess funds to the shareholders, adjustment of accumulated losses, minority squeeze out, improving EPS, producing a more efficient capital structure, etc. In this article we have analysed the importance to understand the key tax aspects related to capital reduction.
Section 2(22) clause (e) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (the Act) provides that dividend includes any payment by a company, not being a company in which the public are substantially interested, of any sum by way of advance or loan to a shareholder, being a person who is the beneficial owner of shares
In DCIT v. M/s. The Hooghly Mills Co.Ltd, the ITAT Kolkata held that shareholding by Subsidiary Company is irrelevant while considering ‘deemed dividend’ liability of Holding Company under section 2(22)(e) of the Income Tax Act.
Though, advance received by assessee company may have been for the benefit of the aforementioned registered shareholders, it could only be assessed in the hands of those registered shareholders and not in the hands of the assseeee-company.
Thus, section 2(22)( e) of the Act covers only such situations, where the shareholder alone benefits from the loan. In the instant case the company benefits from the said transaction, it will take the character of a commercial transaction and hence will not qualify to be dividend.
As HUF cannot be a registered shareholder in a company and hence could not have been both registered and beneficial shareholder, loan/advances received by HUF could be deemed as dividend within the meaning of Section 2(22)(e) of Income Tax Act,
Since redemption of preference shares does not result in reduction of share capital as per Sec 80 of the Companies Act,1956 , the redemption value cannot be taxed as deemed dividend as the distribution of profits if at all there may be is not resulting in reduction of capital.
Gujarat High Court held In the case of CIT (TDS) vs. Schutz Dishman Bio-Tech Pvt. Ltd. that there are large number of adjustment entries between the corporates. Unlike transactions of loans and advances, in this kind of adjustment entries, the movement of funds is both ways and the same is more in the nature of current account rather than a loan account.