Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Amendment Act, 2016- Brief Analysis

The Prohibition of Benami Property Transactions Act, 1988

Introduction

The Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988 came into force on 19^th day of May, 1988. It extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and Kashmir. The act was only in paper and was not implemented for the reason for which it was enacted. And due to operational difficulties, non-formation of rules and relation, the Act could never come into force. And in order to curb the black money, the Government amend the Act as ‘The Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Amendment Act, 2016 ‘w.e.f 01/11/2016 (surprisingly few days before demonetization) by widening its scope by-

♦ broadening the definition

♦ establish adjudicating authorities & an Appellate Tribunal to deal with benami transactions &

♦ specifying the penalty for entering into benami transactions.

Objective

• To prohibits benami transactions and
• Provides for confiscating benami properties and for matters connected therewith & incidental thereto.

Key Terms under the Act

Section	Area	Definition
2(8)	Benami Property	Any property which is the subject matter of a Benami Transaction and also includes the proceeds from such property.
2(26)	Property	Assets of any kind, whether movable or immovable, tangible or intangible, corporeal or incorporeal and includes any right or interest or legal documents or instruments evidencing title to or interest in the property and where the property is capable of conversion into some other form, then the property in the converted form and also includes the proceeds from the property;
2(9)	Benami Transaction	A.   a transaction or an arrangement: a) Where a property is transferred to, or is held by, a person, and the consideration for such property has been provided, or paid by, another person, and b) The property is held for the immediate or future benefit, direct or indirect, of the person who has provided the consideration, except when the property is held by- A property acquired out of known sources of HUF and held by the HUF for the benefit of other members of HUF as the case may be. Properties held by a person in fiduciary capacity. Ie By Director of the Co on behalf of a company. An individual in the name of his spouse or any child and the consideration has been provided for or paid out of the known sources of the individual. Any person in the name of his brother or sister or lineal ascendant or descendant , where the names of brother or sister or lineal ascendant or descendant and the individual appear as joint owners in any document, and the consideration for such property has been provided or paid out of the known sources of the individual: or B. a transaction or an arrangement in respect of a property carried out or made in a fictitious name; or C. a transaction or an arrangement in respect of a property , where the owner of the property is not aware of, or, denies knowledge of such ownership; D. a transaction or an arrangement in respect of a property, where the person providing the consideration is not traceable or is fictitious.
2(10)	Benamidar	A person or a fictitious person as the case may be, in whose name the Benami Property is transferred or held and includes a person who lends his name.
2(12)	Beneficial owner	A person, whether his identity is known or not, for whose benefit the Benami Property is held by a Benamidar.
2(24)	Person	Include- (i) an individual; (ii) a Hindu undivided family; (iii) a company; (iv) a firm; (v) AOP or BOI, whether incorporated or not; (vi) every artificial juridical person, not falling under sub-clauses (i) to (v);

Benami Transactions – Exemptions

 ‘Benami Transactions’ shall not include any transaction if followings conditions are satisfied:

• Possession of the property given to the person who has provided consideration but the person who grants possession continues to hold ownership.
• The contract has been
• Stamp duty has been

Prohibition on Re-Transfer of Property by Benamidar (Section 6)

• No person, being Benamidar shall re-transfer the Benami Property held by him to the Beneficial Owner or any other Person acting on his behalf.
• Where any property is re-transferred in contravention of the provisions of sub-section (1), the transaction of such property shall be deemed to be null and void.
• The provisions of sub-sections (1) and (2) shall not apply to a transfer made in accordance with the provisions of section 190 of the Finance Act, 2016 (28 of 2016).

Authorities­

CBDT  has been entrusted with the responsibility of implementing the provisions of the Act.

Process of Attachment of Property in Benami Transaction

Penalty

Punishment for commencing any Benami Transaction after the date of commencement of the bill which includes:

Sl No	Section	Nature	Quantum of penalty + Imprisonment
1	53	any person enters into a Benami Transaction to defeat the provisions of any law / to avoid payment of statutory dues / to avoid payment to creditors (Not only the initiating person but also the person who abets, participates, advises for such a transaction is also liable for such penalty.)	upto 25 % of FMV of the property	1- 7 years
2	54	For providing False Information to any authority under this Act	upto 10 % of the FMV of the property	6 months- 5 years

Implications under Income Tax Act

On Benamidar

Beneficial Ower

He has to account to the tax authorities for concealment of facts and any income generated on such investments has to be offered for tax and shall also be liable for penal provisions under the Income Tax Act, 1961.

The provisions of section 69 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 state that any investment made by a person which is not declared,  in the books and subsequently discovered , then the value of such investments shall be deemed to be the income of the person who makes such investments and same shall be taxed in the year of such investments. The Income tax officer shall club such unexplained investments and levy tax on the same only after providing a reasonable opportunity to the person and after obtaining explanations for the same and taxed at special rates. If found guilty, the beneficial owner shall also be charged and penalized for concealment of income under the Income Tax Act, 1961.

Conclusion

With an aim to fight back for black money circulation in the economy, the Government is coming up with a series of measures to curtail them. And this act takes primacy place among them.

Proceedings under one act (either Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Amendment Act, 2016 or Income Tax Act,1961) will not save the person from the rigors of the other act. By making the Income Tax Authority as the nodal authorities for overseeing the provisions of the Act, the reach of the Act has been widened. With the latest data mining tools, it is possible to bit the transactions and persons to the face of the economy and making it challenging for the persons involved in the Benami transaction having a sound sleep for long.

KEEP AWAY FROM BENAMI TRANSACTIONS……………………

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DISCLAIMER: This article is for informational and educational purposes only. While every care has been taken in writing this article to ensure its accuracy at the time of publication, the Author assumes no responsibility for any errors which despite all precautions, may be found therein.