FINANCIAL YEAR 1988-89
1679. Instructions for deductions of tax at source from salaries – Rate of tax for the financial year 1988-89
1. I am directed to invite a reference to this Ministry’s Circular No. 489, dated 25-6-1987, Circular No. 498, dated 4-11-1987, Circular No. 501, dated 20-1-1988 and Circular No. 504, dated 8-2-1988 wherein the rates of income-tax deduction during the year 1987-88 from the payment of income chargeable under the head “Salaries” under section 192 of the Income-tax Act, 1961, were intimated. Reference is also invited to this Department’s Circular No. 499, dated 1-12-1987 – wherein the fact of levy of surcharge was intimated to you.
2. Sub-section (1) of section 192 provides that the person responsible for paying any income chargeable under the head “Salaries” shall, at the time of making payment, deduct income-tax on the amount payable at the average rate of income-tax computed on the basis of the rates in force for the financial year in which the payment is made, on the estimated income of the assessee for that financial year. The provisions of sub-section (3) of the said section are intended for making adjustment for excess or shortfalls of inadvertent nature and/or due to unforeseen circumstances. The aggregate tax thus calculated on the estimated income divided by 12 and rounded off to the nearest rupee is required to be deducted from the monthly salary.
3. There is no change in the rate of tax for the financial year 1988-89. An extract of Sub-paragraph (1) of Paragraph ‘A’ of Part III of the First Schedule to the Finance Act, 1988 is at Annexure I. However, the Finance Act, 1988 has modified the provisions relating to “standard deduction” and deposits under “National Savings Scheme”. The Finance Act also extends the scope of deduction admissible under section 80CCA of the Income-tax Act to the deferred annuity plans of the Life Insurance Corporation. Moreover, the surcharge on income-tax which was levied by the Finance (Amendment) Act, 1987, has been extended during the current financial year also. These are explained in the succeeding paragraphs.
4. Thus substance of the main provisions of law insofar as they relate to income chargeable under the head “Salaries” on which tax is to be deducted at source during the financial year 1988-816/6/1988 is given hereunder :
(i) No tax will be deducted at source in any case unless the estimated salary income for the financial year exceeds Rs. 18,000. Some typical examples of calculations are at Annexure II.
(ii) The value of perquisites by way of free or concessional residential accommodation, or motor cars provided by employers to their employees shall be determined under rule 3 of the Income-tax Rules, 1962. Further, the value of other benefits or amenities provided free of cost or at concessional rates to the employees like supply of gas, electric energy, water for household consumption, educational facilities, etc., should also be taken into account for the purpose of computing the estimated salary income of the employees during the current financial year (Example II at Annexure II illustrates computation of some such perquisites).
As regards the colliery allowance, it is to be noted that only the excess over Rs. 100 per month or 50 per cent of the actual colliery allowance paid by the Coal India Limited whichever is more is to be treated as perquisites and the balance amount on account of the payment of said allowance may be allowed to be deducted while computing the income under the head “Salaries” for purpose of deduction of tax at source.
(iii) Exemption in computing total income :—
(a) Clause (10) of section 10 provides exemption of death-cum-retirement gratuity from inclusion in computing total income. The Government have by Notification No. 7534 [F. No. 178/131/87-ITA-I], dated 18-9-1987 raised the limit of Rs. 36,000 mentioned in sub-clause (iii) of clause (10) of section 10 of the Income-tax Act to Rs. 1,00,000 for all the three purposes for which the said limit has been mentioned in the provisions of the said clause, in relation to the employees who retire or become incapacitated or die on or after 1-1-1986 or whose employment is terminated on or after the said date. Vide Notification No. GSR 405, dated 28-4-1988, the enhanced limit of Rs. 1,00,000 will be applicable for all the three purposes mentioned in the said clause in relation to the employees mentioned therein who retire or become incapacitated prior to such retirement or die on or after the first day of April, 1988 or whose employment is terminated on or after the said date.
(b) Sub-clause (i) of clause (10AA ) of section 10 provides for exemption of any payment received by an employee of the Central Government or a State Government as cash equivalent of the leave salary in respect of the period of earned leave at his credit at the time of his retirement on superannuation or otherwise.
(c) In the case of other employees, the exemption under section 10(10AA) will be determined with reference to the leave to his credit at the time of retirement on superannuation or otherwise subject to a maximum of eight months’ leave. This exemption will be limited to the amount payable for such unutilised leave on the basis of the average salary of the employee for eight months, subject to the limit to be prescribed by the Central Government. Where the cash equivalent of unutilised earned leave is received by employee from two or more employees in the same year, the maximum amount exempt from tax shall not exceed the limit so specified. The limit has now been specified in the Government of India Notification No. SO 553(E), dated 8-6-1988.
(iv) The amount repaid to an employee from the Additional Dearness Allowance Deposit Account under the provisions of Additional Emoluments (Compulsory Deposit) Act, 1974, shall be liable to be included in his total income of the previous year in which it is repaid as already explained in the Ministry’s Circular No. 182, dated 28-10-1975. The amount repaid will include an element of interest also. While the repayment of the principal sum will be regarded as salary paid during relevant financial year and assessed to tax accordingly, the interest element qualifies for deduction according to section 80L of the Income-tax Act.
(v) Under section 10(10B), the retrenchment compensation received by a workman is exempt from income-tax subject to certain limits. The maximum amount of retrenchment compensation exempt is the sum calculated on the basis provided in section 25F(b) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, or any amount not less than Rs. 50,000 as the Central Government may by notification specify in the Official Gazette, whichever is less. These limits shall not apply in the case where the compensation is paid under any Scheme which is approved in this behalf by the Central Government, having regard to the need for extending special protection to the workman in the undertaking to which the Scheme applies and other relevant circumstances.
It may be added that a number of public sector undertakings have formulated voluntary retirement schemes for their employees. Any payment received by an employee, whether a workman or executive, of a public sector company at the time of his voluntary retirement in accordance with any Scheme which the Central Government may approve having regard to the economic viability of the public sector undertaking/company and other relevant circumstances will be exempt under section 10(10C).
(vi) Under section 10(13A) any special allowance specifically granted to an assessee by his employer to meet expenditure incurred on payment of rent (by whatever name called) in respect of residential accommodation occupied by the assessee is exempt from income-tax to the extent as may be prescribed, having regard to the area or place in which such accommodation is situated and other relevant considerations. According to rule 2A of the Income-tax Rules, 1962 the quantum of exemption allowable on account of grant of special allowance to meet expenditure on payment of rent shall be :—
(a) The actual amount of such allowance received by an employee in respect of the relevant period; or
(b) The actual expenditure incurred in payment of rent in excess of 1/10th of the salary due for the relevant period; or
(c) Where such accommodation is situated in Bombay, Calcutta, Delhi or Madras, 50 per cent of the salary due to the employee for the relevant period; or
(d) Where such accommodation is situated in any other place, 40 per cent of the salary due to the employee for the relevant period,
whichever is the least.
For this purpose “Salary” includes dearness allowance, i.e., if the terms of employment so provide, but excludes all other allowances and perquisites.
It had to be noted that only the expenditure actually incurred on payment of rent in respect of residential accommodation occupied by the assessee subject to the limits laid down in rule 2A, qualifies for exemption from income-tax. Thus, house rent allowance granted to an employee who is residing in a house/flat owned by him is not exempt from income-tax. The disbursing authorities should satisfy themselves in this regard by insisting on production of evidence of actual payment of rent before excluding the house rent allowance or any portion thereof from the total income of the employee.
(vii) ( a) Under section 16 of the Income-tax Act the taxable salary is to be computed after making standard deduction. The Finance Act, 1988 has raised the standard deduction to 331 /3 % per cent of the salary, subject to an enhanced ceiling of Rs. 12,000. For this purpose the term “Salary” will include fees, commissions, perquisites or profits in lieu of or in addition to salary, but will not include any payment received by the employees which are specifically exempt from tax under clauses, (10), ( 10A), (10AA), (10B), (10C ), (11), (12) and (13A ) of section 10. Thus, house rent allowance to the extent exempt under section 10(13A) will not be taken into account for the purpose of computing the amount of the standard deduction.
This deduction will be available also to persons drawing pension during the current financial year at the same rate and subject to the same ceiling as to the employees in actual service. However, the standard deduction will be limited to Rs. 1,000 only in cases :
(i) where the employee is provided with any motor-car, motor-cycle, scooter or other moped by his employer for use otherwise than wholly and exclusively in the performance of his duties; or
(ii) where he is allowed the use of any one or more motor-cars, out of a pool of motor-cars owned or hired by the employer otherwise than wholly or exclusively in the performance of his duties.
The use of any vehicle provided by the employer for journey by the employee from his residence to his office or other places of work and also from office or other places of work to his residence shall not be regarded as use of such vehicles otherwise than wholly and exclusively in the performance of his duties.
(b) In respect of salary paid during the financial year 1988-89 the value of any benefit or amenity granted or provided free of cost or at concessional rate by an employer to an employee (not being a director of the company or a person who has substantial interest in the company) is not regarded as perquisites received by the employee unless the employee’s income under the head “Salary” exclusive of the value of any benefit or amenity not provided for by way of monetary payment exceeds Rs. 24,000. In cases where salary is received from more than one employer the aggregate salary from these employers will have to be taken into account for the purpose.
(viii) ( a) Under section 80C, while computing the taxable income the disbursing officer should allow deduction of the whole of the first Rs. 6,000, 50 per cent of the next Rs. 6,000 and 40 per cent of the balance of the qualifying amount of payment made by the employee out of his income chargeable to tax towards life insurance premium, contributions to provident fund set up by the Central Government or to which the Provident Fund Act, 1925 applies (including contribution to public provident fund constituted under the Public Provident Fund Act, 1968), contributions for participation in the Unit-linked Insurance Plan, 1971, made under section 19(1)(cc) of the Unit Trust Act, 1963, deposits in a 10-year Account or 15-year of Account under the Post Office Savings Bank (Cumulative Time Deposits) Rules, 1959 and subscription to the National Savings Certificates (VI Issue) and the National Savings Certificates (VI Issue). The interest on National Savings Certificates (VII Issue) is deemed to be reinvested and, therefore, the holder thereof is entitled to the benefits of section 80C.
(b) In respect of contributions to “Recognised Provident Fund” there is another monetary ceiling limit laid down in clause (d) of sub-section (2) of section 80C, in that the employee’s own contribution to the individual account in the fund will not exceed 1/5th of his salary during the financial year or Rs. 10,000, whichever is less. “Salary” for this purpose would include dearness allowance if the terms of the employment so provide, but will exclude all other allowances and perquisites. The expression “Recognised Provident Fund” has been defined in section 2(38) of the Income-tax Act to mean provident fund which has been and continues to be recognised by the Commissioner in accordance with the Rules contained in Part A of the Fourth Schedule to the Income-tax Act and includes a provident fund established under a scheme framed under a Employees Provident Fund Act, 1952.
(c) The additional monetary ceiling of 1/5th of salary or Rs. 10,000, whichever is less, will not be applicable to the contribution to the provident fund referred to in sub-clauses (ii) and (iv) of clause ( a) of sub-section (2) of section 80C. Such provident funds are :
A. Government Provident Fund and Railway Provident Fund;
B. Provident Funds established by such Local Authorities and Institutions as are mentioned in the Schedule to the Provident Fund Act, 1925 and those notified by the Government from time to time under section 8(3) of that Act; and
C. Any Provident Fund set up by the Central Government and notified by it in the Official Gazette. Public Provident Fund set up under the Public Provident Fund Act, 1968 is an example of such a fund.
(d) Under clause (b) of sub-section (2) of section 80C where the assessee is a Hindu undivided family the deduction is allowable in respect of :
(i) any sums paid in the previous year by the assessee out of his/its income chargeable to tax :
(1) to effect or to keep in force an insurance on the life of any member of the family; or
(2) as a contribution to any provident fund referred to in sub-clause (iv) to clause (a) where such contribution is to an account standing in the name of any member of the family; or
(ii) any sum deposited in the previous year by the assessee out of its income chargeable to tax in a 10-year Account or a 15-year Account under the Post Office Savings Bank (Cumulative Time Deposits) Rules, 1959 as amended from time to time where such sums are deposited in an account standing in the name of any member of the family.
(e) According to clause (h) of sub-section (2) of section 80C deductions under section 80C(1) include any sums paid by the assessee out of his or its income chargeable to tax :
I. as subscription to such security of the Central Government as the Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf; or
II. for the purpose of purchase or construction of a residential house property, construction of which is completed after 31-3-1987 and the income from which is chargeable to tax under the head “Income from house property” (or which would, if it had not been used for the assessee’s own residence have been chargeable to tax under that head) where such payments are made towards or by way of any instalment or part payment of the amount due under any self-financing or other scheme of any development authority, Housing Board, etc., the deduction will also be allowable in respect of repayment of loans borrowed by the taxpayer from the Government or any bank or Life Insurance Corporation and certain other categories of institutions engaged in the business of providing long-term finance for construction or purchase of house in India.
Any repayment of loan borrowed from the employer will also be covered, if the employer happens to be a public company. The stamp duty, registration fee and other expenses incurred for the purpose of transfer shall also be covered. Payment towards the cost of house property, however, will not include admission fee or cost of share or initial deposit or the cost of the land (except where the consideration for the purchase of house property is a composite amount and the cost of land cannot be separately ascertained) or the cost of any addition or alteration. Payments towards any expenditure in respect of which the deduction is allowable under the provisions of section 24 of the Income-tax Act will also not be included in payments towards the cost of purchase or construction of a house property. Where the house property in respect of which deduction has been allowed under the new provisions is transferred by the taxpayer at any time before the expiry of five years from the end of the financial year in which possession of such property is obtained by him, no deduction under these provisions shall be allowable in respect of previous year in which the transfer is made and the aggregate amount of deduction allowed in the earlier years shall be chargeable to tax under the head “Income from other sources” of the previous year in which such transfer takes place. The aggregate of the deductions admissible hereunder will not exceed Rs. 10,000.
In respect of repayment of loans taken for the purchase or construction of a new residential house property, the construction of which is still continuing, it is clarified for the guidance of Drawing and Disbursing Officers and other persons responsible for the payment of any income chargeable under the head “Salaries” that where the construction of the property does not get completed by the end of the financial year 1988-89, no deduction under this head shall be admissible to the employees in the assessment of the income for the assessment year 1989-90.
It may also be noted that repayment of loans made in respect of house/flats the construction of which had been completed before 31-3-1987, will not qualify for deduction under this section.
The DDOs should satisfy themself about the fact of completion of construction of houses before allowing this deduction.
(f) Subject to the limits specified in (b), (c) and (e )(II) above, the aggregate of the sums which qualify for the purpose of computing the deduction under section 80C shall not exceed :
(1) in the case of any individual being an author, playwright, artist, musician, actor, or sportsman (including an athlete), sixty thousand rupees;
(2) in the case of any other individual or a Hindu undivided family or any such association of persons or a body of individuals as is referred to in clause (g) of sub-section (2), forty thousand rupees.
(g) It may be noted that the deduction provided under section 80C will be available to the taxpayer in respect of such sums paid up to 31st March of the financial year towards the purchase of National Savings Certificates, etc.
(ix) Under section 80CCA, as amended by the Finance Act, 1988, 100 per cent deduction will be allowed to an individual, a Hindu undivided family, and certain categories of persons or bodies of individuals subject to a ceiling of Rs. 30,000 p.a. in respect of :
(1) any amount deposited under the National Savings Scheme; and
*(2) any amount paid to effect or keep in force a contract for such deferred annuity plan of the LIC as the Central Government may specify by notification.
It may be noted that the aforesaid deduction will be allowed only in respect of deposits/payments made out of the employee’s income chargeable to tax.
It should also be noted that where any amount standing to the credit of the employee under the National Savings Scheme in respect of which deduction has already been claimed under section 80CCA, together with interest accrued thereon is withdrawn in any previous year, or where any amount is received on account of the surrender of the policy or as annuity or bonus in accordance with the deferred annuity plan of the LIC in any previous year, the whole of such amount shall be deemed to be the income of the employee of that previous year in which such withdrawal is made or such amount is received, and shall be chargeable to tax as the income of the previous year.
The Drawing & Disbursing Officers should satisfy themselves about the actual deposits or payments made by the employees by calling for such particulars/information as they deemed necessary before allowing the deduction. Similarly the DDOs should ascertain from the employees about the withdrawals made by them from the NSS or the amount received on account of the deferred annuity plans of the LIC, and the said amount shall be included in the computation of the employee’s income and charged to tax accordingly. For this purpose, the DDOs should call for such proof/particulars/information as they deem necessary.
(x) Under section 80D of the Income-tax Act introduced with effect from 1-4-1987, in the case of the following categories of persons, a deduction can be allowed for a sum not exceeding Rs. 3,000 per annum to the extent payment is made by cheque out of their income chargeable to tax to keep in force an insurance on the health of the categories of persons mentioned below provided that such insurance is in accordance with the scheme framed by the General Insurance Corporation of India as approved by the Central Government popularly known as “Mediclaim”.
The categories of persons are :
(a) where the assessee is an individual, any sum paid to effect or to keep in force an insurance on the health of the assessee or on the health of the wife or husband, dependent parents or dependent children of the assessee;
(b) where the assessee is a Hindu undivided family, any sum paid to effect or to keep in force an insurance on the health of any member of the family;
(c) where the assessee is an association of persons or a body of individuals consisting in either case, only of husband and wife governed by the system of community of property in force in the Union territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Goa, Daman and Diu, any sum paid to effect or to keep in force an insurance on the health of any member of such association or body or on the health of the dependent children of the members of such an association or body.
(xi) No deduction should be made from the salary income in respect of any donations for charitable purposes. The tax relief on such donations as admissible under section 80G of the Income-tax Act will have to be claimed by the taxpayer separately at the time of finalisation of the assessment. However, in cases where contributions to the National Defence Fund, Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund, the Prime Minister’s Drought Relief Fund, the National Children’s Fund or the Indira Gandhi Memorial Trust are made, 50 per cent of such contributions may be deducted in computing the total income of the employee. The donation to the Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund will be eligible for hundred per cent deduction. Thus, deduction in this respect may be allowed while computing the total income for the purpose of deduction of income-tax at source for financial year 1988-89. Deduction will not be admissible where the aggregate of all contributions for the year is less than Rs. 250.
(xii) Under section 80GG of the Income-tax Act, an assessee is entitled to a deduction in respect of house rent paid by him for his own residence at the places specified under rule 11B of the Income-tax Rules. Such deduction is permissible subject to the following conditions :
(a) the assessee has not been in receipt of any house rent allowance specifically granted to him which qualifies for exemption under section 10(13A);
(b) he will be entitled to a deduction in respect of house rent paid by him in excess of 10 per cent of his total income, subject to a ceiling of 25 per cent thereof or Rs. 1,000 per month, whichever is less. The total income for working out these percentages will be computed before making any deductions under section 80GG;
(c) the assessee does not own :
(i) any residential accommodation himself or by his spouse or minor child or where such assessee is a member of a Hindu undivided family, by such family, at the place where he ordinarily resides or performs duties of his office or carries on his business or profession; or
(ii) at any other place, any residential accommodation being accommodation in the occupation of the assessee, the value of which is to be determined under sub-clause (i) of clause (a) or as the case may be, clause (b) of sub-section (2) of section 23;
(d) the accommodation occupied by him for the purpose of his own residence is situated in any of the following places, namely :—
(i) Agra, Ahmedabad, Allahabad, Amritsar, Bangalore, Bhopal, Calcutta, Coimbatore, Delhi, Faridabad, Gwalior (Lashkar), Hyderabad, Indore, Jabalpur, Jaipur, Kanpur, Lucknow, Ludhiana City, Madurai, Nagpur, Patna, Pune, Srinagar, Surat, Vadodara (Baroda) or Varanasi (Banaras) or the urban agglomeration of each of such places; or
(ii) Bombay, Calicut, Cochin, Ghaziabad, Hubli-Dharwar, Madras, Sholapur, Trivandrum or Vishakapatnam.
Explanation : “Urban agglomeration” in relation to a place means the area for the time being included in the urban agglomeration of such place for the purpose of grant of house rent allowance by the Central Government to its employees under the orders issued by it from time to time in this regard.
The disbursing authorities should satisfy themselves that all the conditions mentioned above are satisfied before such deduction is allowed by them to the assessees. They should also satisfy themselves in this regard by insisting on production of evidence of actual payment of rent.
(xiii) The Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987 has substituted clause (14) of section 10 by a new clause, and, accordingly, all specific allowances exempt from tax in computing income from salary will be notified by the Central Government in the Gazette of India.
(xiv) (1) Section 80RRA of the Income-tax Act provides that where the gross total income of an individual who is a citizen of India, includes any remuneration received by him in foreign currency from any employer (i.e., a foreign employer or an Indian concern) for any services rendered by him outside India, 50 per cent of such remuneration or more as amended by the Finance Act, 1987 as clarified below in sub-clause (3) will be deducted in computing the taxable income. It also provides that where the assessee renders continuous service abroad for more than 36 months, the remuneration received by him for any period of service after the expiry of the said 36 months will not qualify for any deduction. In the case of an employee of Central Government or any State Government, or a person who has, immediately before taking up the service outside India, in the employment of the Central Government or any State Government, the deduction will be allowed only if the service of the employee is sponsored by the Central Government. In the case of any other individual, the deduction will be allowed only if he is a “technician” and the terms and conditions of his service outside India are approved for the purpose of the said section by the Central Government or the prescribed authority. It is pertinent to note that the deduction is to be allowed with reference to the remuneration received by the individual in foreign currency for services rendered outside India. Thus, if the remuneration is paid to the Indian technician, etc., partly in Indian currency and partly in foreign currency the amount paid in Indian currency, will not be taken into account for purposes of deduction under section 80RRA. Likewise, if part of the remuneration, although paid in foreign currency relates to services rendered in India, then such part of the remuneration will also not qualify for deduction under section 80RRA.
(2) The expression “foreign employer” has been defined in Explanation (b) to section 80RRA to mean (i) the Government of a foreign State; or (ii) a foreign enterprise; or (iii) any association or body established outside India. While allowing the deduction under this section documentary evidence should be obtained on the following points :
(i) In the case of individual who is in the employment of the Central Government or any State Government, the fact of his service having been sponsored by the Central Government;
(ii) In the case of any other individual being a technician, the fact of the terms and conditions of his service outside India having been approved in this behalf by the Central Government (Ministry of Finance, Department of Revenue, Foreign Tax Division, New Delhi).
(It should also be ensured that the deduction is allowed with reference to the remuneration received in foreign currency in respect of the period of service outside India. The fact that deduction is admissible only in relation to the first 36 months of continuous service outside India should also be kept in view).
(3) The Finance Act, 1987 had made for following amendment to section 80RRA with effect from the first day of April, 1988 :—
“In section 80RRA of the Income-tax Act, in sub-section (1) for the words ‘of an amount equal to fifty per cent thereof’, the following shall be substituted with effect from the first day of April, 1988, namely :—
‘of an amount equal to :—
(i) fifty per cent of the remuneration; or
(ii) seventy-five per cent of such remuneration as is brought into India by, or on behalf of, the assessee in accordance with the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973, and any rules made thereunder,
whichever is higher’.”
However, the said exercise of the verification of the excess amount allowable as a deduction under section 80RRA cannot be made by the Drawing and Disbursing Officer. The Drawing and Disbursing Officer should only allow a deduction equal to 50 per cent of the remuneration at source.
(xv) Under section 80U in computing the total income of a resident individual who is totally blind or suffers from any of the permanent physical disabilities, a deduction of Rs. 15,000 is allowed.
The Board has by Notification No. SO 528(E), dated 17-7-1985 specified the physical disabilities, which will be reckoned as permanent physical disabilities for purposes of deduction under this section. According to the said notification a permanent physical disability shall be regarded as a permanent physical disability for purpose of clause ( ii) of sub-section (1) of section 80U of the Income-tax Act, if it falls in any one of the categories specified below, namely :—
(a) permanent physical disability of more than 50 per cent in one limb; or
(b) permanent physical disability of more than 60 per cent in two or more limbs;
(c) permanent deafness with hearing impairment of 71 decibels and above; or
(d) permanent and total loss of voice.
The deduction of Rs. 15,000 from the total income is allowed by the employer subject to the production of a certificate from the Income-tax Officer in favour of the employer as laid down in this Ministry’s Circular No. 272, dated 26-5-1980. The certificate once issued will continue to be in force till it is withdrawn by the ITO.
(xvi) The scope of deduction of tax at source from “Salaries” was modified by the Finance Act, 1987 by the insertion of sub-sections (2), (2A) and (2B) in section 192. The salient feature of these provisions are given below :
(a) Sub-section (2) of section 192 deals with situations where an individual is working under more than one employer or has changed from one employer to another. It provides for deduction of tax at source by such employer (as the taxpayer may choose) from the aggregate salary of the employee who is or has been in receipt of salary from more than one employer. The employee is now required to furnish to the present/chosen employer details of the income under the head “Salary” due or received from the former/other employer and also tax deducted at source therefrom, in writing and duly verified by him and by the former/other employer. The present employer will be required to deduct tax at source on the aggregate amount of salary (including salary received from the former or other employer).
(b) Sub-section (2A) of section 192 provides that in respect of salary payment of employees of Government or Public Sector Undertakings, deduction of tax at source may be made after allowing relief under section 89(1). Retired Government servants can also avail of this facility of section 89(1) relief through their DDOs/Disbursing banks.
(c) Sub-section (2B) enables a taxpayer to furnish particulars of income other than salaries to his employer who shall deduct out of the salary payment, the tax due on the total income subject to the condition that the total amount of tax deducted shall not be less than the amount deductible from income from salaries only.
To meet the requirements of these provisions the Central Government have notified necessary amendments in the Income-tax Rules vide Notification No. SO 963(E), dated 29-10-1987. Detailed instructions in this regard were issued by the Department vide Circular No. 504, dated 8-2-1988.
(xvii) The total income computed in accordance with the provisions of the Act should be rounded off to the nearest multiple of ten rupees by ignoring the fraction which is less than five rupees and increasing the fraction which amounts to five rupees or more, to ten rupees. The net amount of tax deductible should similarly be rounded off to the nearest rupee.
The amount of income-tax computed in accordance with the preceding provisions of this sub-paragraph shall, in the case of every person having a total income exceeding fifty thousand rupees, be increased by a surcharge for purposes of the Union calculated at the rate of five per cent of such income-tax :
Provided that no such surcharge shall be payable by a non-resident.
5. (a) According to the provisions of section 203A of the Income-tax Act, it is obligatory for all persons responsible for deducting tax at source to quote the Tax-deduction Account Number (TAN) in the Challans, TDS Certificates, periodical returns, etc. Detailed instructions in this regard are available in this Department’s Circular No. 497, dated 9-10-1987. If a person fails to comply with the provisions of section 203A, he shall on an order passed by the ITO pay, by way of penalty, a sum which may extend to Rs. 5,000.
(b) In this connection attention is invited to the provisions of section 206 of the Income-tax Act, which reads as under :
“206. The prescribed person in the case of every office of Government, the principal officer in the case of every company, the prescribed person in the case of every total authority or other public body or association, every private employer and every other person responsible for deducting tax under the foregoing provisions of this Chapter shall prepare, within the prescribed time after the end of each financial year, and deliver or cause to be delivered to the prescribed Income-tax Authority, such returns in such form and verified in such manner and setting forth such particulars as may be prescribed.”
(c) According to the provisions of section 200 of the Income-tax Act, any person deducting any sum in accordance with the provisions of section 192 shall pay, within the prescribed time, the sum so deducted to the credit of the Central Government. If he fails to deduct tax at source or after deducting fails to pay the tax to the credit of the Government, he shall be liable to action in accordance with the provisions of section 201. In this connection attention is also invited to the provisions of section 276B of the Income-tax Act, as substituted by the Direct Tax Laws (Amendment) Act, 1987, according to which if a person fails to pay the credit of the Central Government the tax deducted at source by him, he shall be punishable with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall be between 3 months and 7 years and with fine.
6. While making the payment of tax deducted at source to the credit of the Central Government it may kindly be ensured that the correct amount of income-tax is recorded in the relevant challan. It may also be ensured that the right type of challan is used. The relevant challan for making payment of tax deducted at source from salaries is no. 9 with “Blue Colour Band”. Where the amount of tax deducted at source is credited to the Central Government through book adjustment, care should be taken to ensure that the correct amount of income-tax is reflected therein.
7. These instructions are not exhaustive and are issued only with a view to helping the employers to understand the various relevant provisions. Wherever, there is a difference of opinion, a reference should always be made to the provisions of the Income-tax Act and the relevant Finance Act through which the changes in the tax structure are made.
Circular : No. 517, dated 16-6-1988, as amended by Circular No. 527, dated 9-12-1988.
ANNEXURE I
EXTRACT FROM THE FINANCE ACT, 1988 PART III OF THE FIRST SCHEDULE
Paragraph A, Sub-paragraph I
In the case of every individual or Hindu undivided family or unregistered firm or other association of persons or body of individuals, whether incorporated or not, or every artificial juridical person referred to in sub-clause (vii ) of clause (31) of section 2 of the Income-tax Act, not being a case to which Sub-paragraph II of this Paragraph or any other Paragraph of this Part applies :
Rates of Income-tax
(1)
Where the total income does not exceeds Rs. 18,000
Nil;
(2)
Where the total income exceeds Rs. 18,000 but does not exceed
Rs. 25,00025 per cent of the amount by which the total income exceeds Rs. 18,000;
(3)
Where the total income exceeds Rs. 25,000 but does not exceed Rs. 50,000
Rs. 1,750 plus 30 per cent of the amount by which the total income exceeds Rs. 25,000;
(4)
Where the total income exceeds Rs. 50,000 but does not exceed Rs. 1,00,000
Rs. 9,250 plus 40 per cent of the amount by which the total income exceeds Rs. 50,000;
(5)
Where the total income exceeds Rs. 1,00,000
Rs. 29,250 plus 50 per cent of the amount by which the total income exceeds Rs. 1,00,000.
Surcharge on income-tax
The amount of income-tax computed in accordance with the preceding provisions of this sub-paragraph shall, in the case of every person having a total income exceeding fifty thousand rupees, be increased by a surcharge for purposes of the Union calculated at the rate of five per cent of such income-tax :
Provided that no such surcharge shall be payable by a non-resident.
ANNEXURE II
TYPICAL EXAMPLES OF INCOME-TAX CALCULATIONS
Example I
Rs.
Rs.
1.
Total salary income (including allowances)
57,600
2.
Contribution to Government Provident Fund
7,200
3.
Payment towards Life Insurance Premia
1,000
4.
Contribution for participation in Unit-linked Insurance Plan, 1971, made under section 19(1)(cc) of the Unit Trust of India Act, 1963
300
10,480
5.
Deposits in a 10-year account or 15-year account under the Post Office Savings Bank (Cumulative Time Deposits) Rules, 1959
500
6.
C.G.E.I.S.
480
7.
Subscription to National Savings Certificates
1,000
8.
Deposits under National Savings Scheme
19,400
19,400
9.
Total salary income
57,600
10.
Deduct : Amount of standard deduction under section 16(i) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, 331 /3 % of amount subject to maximum of Rs. 12,000
12,000
11.
Gross total income (9 minus 10)
45,600
12.
Deduct :
(a) Under section 80C amount on account towards G.P.F., Life Insurance Premia, Unit-linked Insurance Plan and Deposit in 10-Year Account or 15-Year Account under Post Office Savings Bank (Cumulative Time Deposits) Rules, 1959, National Savings Certificates, out of the total amount paid Rs. 10,480, etc. [First Rs. 6,000 (100%), Next Rs. 6,000 (50%)]
8,240
(b) Under section 80CCA—Deposit under NSS
19,400
27,640
13.
Total income (11 minus 12)
17,960
14.
Tax payable
Nil
Example II
(Illustrating calculation of house rent allowance under section 10(13A ) in respect of residential accommodation situated in Delhi)
Rs.
1.
Salary (excluding allowances)
45,000
2.
Dearness allowance
5,460
3.
House rent allowance received
9,600
4.
City compensatory allowance received
1,200
5.
Actual rent paid
14,400
6.
Contribution to General Provident Fund, etc.
6,000
7.
L.I.P.
3,000
8.
Deposits in a 10-year Account under the Post Office Savings Bank (Cumulative Time Deposits)
Rules, 1959
1,000
9.
Deposits under the National Savings Scheme
10,000
COMPUTATION OF TOTAL INCOME
1.
Salary (including dearness allowance)
50,460
2.
House rent allowance received
9,600
3.
City compensatory allowance received
1,200
4.
Less : Allowance u/s 10(13A )
61,260
Actual rent paid
14,400
Less : 10% of salary
5,046
9,354
(Actual amount of House Rent Allowance received and expenditure on rent in excess of 1/10th of the salary or 50% of salary, whichever is the least)
9,354
51,906
5.
Standard deduction u/s 16(i) @ 331/ 3% subject to a maximum of Rs. 12,000
12,000
6.
Gross total income
39,906
7.
Less : Deduction (a ) u/s 80C
Total PF, LIP, CTD Rs. 10,000
6,000
First Rs. 6,000 (100%)
2,000
Next Rs. 4,000 (50%)
8,000
(b) u/s 80CCA (Deposit under NSS)
10,000
18,000
18,000
8.
Total income
21,906
or
21,910
9.
Tax payable on (Rs. 21,910—Rs. 18,000) at 25%
977.50
or
978.00
(Rate at which monthly deduction is required to be made works out to Rs. 81 for 11 months and Rs. 87 for the last month).
ANNEXURE III
Example III
(ILLUSTRATING CALCULATION OF LIMITS UNDER SECTION 80C AND VALUATION OF SOME PERQUISITES IN CASE OF AN EMPLOYEE OF A PRIVATE COMPANY POSTED AT BOMBAY)
Rs.
1.
Salary including dearness allowance
60,000
2.
Bonus
9,600
3.
Contribution to Recognised Provident Fund
11,000
4.
L.I.P.
10,000
5.
Subscription to National Savings Certificates (VI & VII Issues)
5,000
6.
Interest accrued for the first year on NSC VI Issue @ Rs. 12.40 for every Rs. 100 on say Rs. 5,000
620
7.
Deposits under the National Savings Scheme
12,200
8.
Free gas, electricity, water, etc. (actual bills paid by the Company)
3,000
9.
Furniture at cost (including television set, radio set, refrigerator, other household appliances and air-conditioner) belonging to the Company
40,000
10.
(i) Furnished flat provided to the employee for which actual rent paid by the company (actual rent assumed to be equal to the fair rental value)
45,000
(ii) Rent recovered from the employee
12,000
COMPUTATION OF TOTAL INCOME
Rs.
Rs.
1.
Salary
60,000
2.
Bonus
9,600
69,600
3.
Valuation of perquisites :
(a) Furnished flat at concessional rent u/s 17(2) read with clauses (a) and (b) of rule 3 of the I.T. Rules, 1962. Fair Rental Value (FRV) (assumed to be equal to actual rent Rs. 45,000) 10% of salary including bonus
6,960
Add : Excess of (FRV) over 60% of salary including bonus of Rs. 69,600, i.e., Rs. 45,000- 41,760
3,240
Add : Perquisite of the furniture (10% of cost, i.e., Rs. 40,000)
4,000
14,200
Less : Rent paid by the employee
12,000
2,200
71,800
4.
Free gas, electricity, etc.
3,000
74,800
5.
Less : Standard deduction u/s 16(i) 331 /3 % subject to a maximum of Rs. 12,000
12,000
6.
Gross total income
62,800
7.
Less : Deduction
(a) u/s 80C
P.F. paid Rs. 11,000 but restricted to 1/5th of salary of Rs. 60,000 (excluding bonus) or Rs. 10,000, whichever is less
10,000
LIP
10,000
National Savings Certificates (VI & VII Issues) – and interest accrued on Rs. 5,000 for the first year of NSC (VI Issue) – (Rs. 5,000 + Rs. 620)
5,620
Total of PF, LIP, NSC of Rs. 25,620
25,620
(Maximum allowable up to Rs. 40,000)
First Rs. 6,000 (100%)
6,000
Next Rs. 6,000 (50%)
3,000
On balance of Rs. 13,620 (40%)
5,448
14,448
(b) u/s 80CCA (NSS)
12,200
Total deduction
26,648
8.
Total income (6–7) (Rs. 62,800—Rs. 26,648)
36,152
or
36,150
9.
Tax payable thereon (Rs. 1,750 + 30% of excess over Rs. 25,000, i.e., on Rs. 11,150, i.e., Rs. 3,345) (Rate at which monthly deduction from salary is required to be made works out to about Rs. 424)
5,095
Notes :
(i) In the cases of Government of servants, the value of perquisites of unfurnished accommodation provided free is determined in accordance with the rules framed by the Government for allotment of residence to its employees. For determining the perquisite value of free furniture, it is taken as in other cases, at 10 per cent per annum of the original cost of the furniture, or if it is hired from a third party, the actual hire charges payable.
(ii) Where unfurnished accommodation is provided to its employees by the Reserve Bank of India or any other public sector body specified in sub-clause (2) of clause (a) of rule 3 of the Income-tax Rules, say, a nationalised bank, State Trading Corporation, etc., it is taken as 10 per cent of the salary due to the employee and where the accommodation is furnished as in other cases, an additional 10 per cent of the original cost of furniture, or if it is hired from a third party, the actual hire charges payable therefor.
(iii) In the case of unfurnished accommodation where the assessee can satisfy the income-tax authority that the value of the perquisites worked out on the basis laid down in the I.T. Rules, 1962, exceeds the fair rental value of the accommodation, the value of the perquisites of the assessee shall be limited to such fair rental value.
(iv) In the example given above the actual rent has been assumed to be equal to the “Fair Rental Value”, “Fair value” can, however, be different from the actual rent. It is defined in Explanation 2, below clause (a) of rule 3 to mean in the case of an accommodation which is unfurnished, the rent which a similar accommodation would realise in the same locality or the municipal valuation in respect of the accommodation, whichever is higher.
(v) In case the accommodation is situated in Bombay, Calcutta, Delhi and Madras, the excess over 60 per cent of salary over fair rental value, as against 50 per cent in other cases, is required to be added in determining the value of perquisites in view of Board’s Circular No. 374, dated 14-12-1983.
Example IV
(Example of income-tax and surcharge calculation in the case of an employee posted in Delhi including House Building Loan)
Rs.
1.
Total salary (including D.A.)
1,05,000
2.
House rent allowance
12,000
3.
City compensatory allowance
1,200
4.
Contribution to GPF, Payment of LIC Premium, etc.
12,000
5.
Actual rent paid
21,600
6.
Refund of loan taken for the construction of house (the construction of which has been completed after 31-3-1987 but before 31-3-1989)
12,000
7.
Deposits under the National Savings Scheme
30,000
COMPUTATION OF TOTAL INCOME
Rs.
Rs.
1.
Salary (including DA & CCA)
1,06,200
2.
House rent allowance received
12,000
3.
Less : Allowance u/s 10(13A ) :
Actual rent paid
21,600
Less : 10% of salary
10,500
11,100
(Actual amount of HRA received or expenditure on rent in excess of 1/10th of the salary or 50% of salary, whichever is the least)
11,100
4.
Less : Standard deduction u/s 16(i) at 33 1/ 3% subject to a maximum of Rs. 12,000
12,000
5.
Gross total income
95,100
6.
Less : Deduction u/s 80C :
GPF, LIC, etc.
12,000
Refund of H.B. Loan
10,000
(limited to Rs. 10,000)
22,000
Rs.
First Rs. 6,000 (100%)
6,000
Next Rs. 6,000 (50%)
3,000
Balance Rs. 10,000 (40%)
4,000
13,000
7.
Less : Deduction u/s 80CCA
(Deposits under NSS)
30,000
8.
Total income
52,100
9.
Tax payable on Rs. 52,100
10,090
10.
Surcharge payable @ 5% on the amount of income-tax Rs. 504.50 or Rs. 505
505
11.
Total (Income-tax & Surcharge) (average monthly deduction comes to about Rs. 883)
10,595
10,595
