Case Law Details
Prtatap Singh Yadav Vs DCIT (ITAT Delhi)
Introduction: In a recent landmark ruling, the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) Delhi has passed a significant judgment in the case of Pratap Singh Yadav vs. DCIT. This case centers around the validity of an assessment order issued without a Document Identification Number (DIN) and the applicability of CBDT Circular No. 19/2019, which mandates the use of DIN for tax-related communications. In this detailed analysis, we will delve into the case’s background, the key arguments presented, the implications of CBDT Circular No. 19/2019, and the ITAT’s ruling.
Background of the Case: The appeal was filed by the assessee against an order dated June 21, 2022, issued by the Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals)-24, New Delhi, concerning the assessment year 2016-17.
Additional Ground Raised: The significant issue raised by the assessee in this case was the assertion that the assessment order is null and void due to a violation of CBDT Circular No. 19/2019, which necessitates the mandatory use of DIN.
ITAT’s Admission of Additional Ground: The ITAT decided to admit the additional ground, recognizing that it raises a legal and jurisdictional issue that goes to the core of the matter.
Facts of the Case: The assessee, a resident individual, became subject to proceedings under Section 153C of the Income Tax Act due to incriminating materials found during a search and seizure operation. The Assessing Officer determined the total income at Rs. 24,04,625 after making additions.
The Argument by the Assessee: The primary contention of the assessee was that the assessment order was manually issued without a DIN, which is mandatory according to CBDT Circular No. 19/2019. The absence of reasons for issuing the order without DIN and the date and number of approval by the Chief Commissioner/Director General of Income-tax were also highlighted.
CBDT Circular No. 19/2019: CBDT Circular No. 19/2019, issued by the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) on August 14, 2019, makes it mandatory for tax authorities to issue communications using a computer-generated DIN, starting from October 1, 2019. The circular outlines exceptions and requirements for manual issuance under specific circumstances.
ITAT’s Ruling: Considering the facts of the case, the ITAT held that the assessment order issued without complying with the conditions specified in CBDT Circular No. 19/2019 is invalid. This renders the order as if it had never been issued.
Precedents Cited: The ITAT referred to various judicial precedents, including M/s. Brandix Mauritius Holdings Ovs. V. DCIT, CIT v. Brandix Mauritius Holdings Ltd., Dilip Kothari v. PCIT, H.K. Suresh v. PCIT, and Tata Medical Centre Trust v. CIT, which supported the position that CBDT circulars are binding on the revenue, and non-compliance with circulars can render orders invalid.
Importance of the Ruling: This ruling emphasizes the importance of adhering to CBDT circulars and underscores the significance of the DIN system for maintaining an audit trail of communications within the income tax department. It establishes that non-compliance with the circular’s provisions, including the issuance of an order without DIN, can result in the order being declared invalid.
Conclusion: The ITAT Delhi’s ruling in the case of Pratap Singh Yadav vs. DCIT underscores the significance of complying with CBDT circulars, especially Circular No. 19/2019 regarding the use of DIN. Assessment orders issued without adhering to the circular’s requirements are liable to be invalidated. This decision reinforces the legal standing of CBDT circulars and the need for strict compliance with their provisions in income tax matters.
FULL TEXT OF THE ORDER OF ITAT DELHI
This is an appeal filed by the Assessee against order dated 21.06.2022 of learned Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals)-24, New Delhi pertaining to assessment year 2016-17.
2. In addition to the main grounds, by letter dated 09.05.2023 the assessee has raised following additional ground :
“On the facts and circumstances of the case, the assessment order is null and void as the same is in violation of CBDT Circular No.19/2019 requiring mandatory DIN.”
3. Since, the additional ground raises a purely legal and jurisdictional issue going to the root of the matter and can be decided without making investigation into fresh facts, we are inclined to admit the additional ground for adjudication.
4. Briefly, the facts are, the assessee is a resident individual. Pursuant to a search and seizure operation conducted in respect of a third party, certain incriminating materials belonging to the assessee were found. Consequent thereupon, proceedings u/s. 153C of the Act were initiated on the assessee. In response to notice issued u/s. 153C of the Act, the assessee filed his return of income under section 139(1) of the Act declaring total income of Rs.5,12,340/-. Based on the material found in course of search and seizure operation conducted on the third party, the Assessing Officer ultimately completed the assessment by determining total income at Rs.24,04,625/- after making addition of Rs.18,92,285/- on account of commission paid for availing accommodation entry. Though, the assessee contested the addition by filing an appeal, however, he was unsuccessful.
5. Before us, learned counsel appearing for the assessee drew our attention to the assessment order and submitted that the assessment order issued manually does not contain any Document Identification Number(DIN), which is mandatory for any communication issued after 1st October, 2019. He submitted, though, the assessment order was passed on 24.12.2021, however, the Assessing Officer issued DIN through a separate communication dated 03.02.2022, which demonstrates that the DIN was not issued within a period of 15 working days of the issuance of the assessment order. Further, he submitted, in the body of the assessment order, the Assessing Officer has not recorded the reasons for issuing the assessment order manually without DIN and number & date of approval granted by Chief Commissioner/Director General of Income-tax for issuing the assessment order manually without DIN. Drawing our attention to Circular No. 19/2019 dated 14.08.2019, learned counsel submitted, as per paragraph 4 of the said Circular, any communication, which is not in conformity with the conditions prescribed in paragraph 2 and 3 of the Circular, shall be treated as invalid and shall be deemed to have never been issued. Thus, he submitted, the assessment order, having been issued without satisfying the conditions of paragraph 2 and paragraph 3 of the Circular, has to be treated as invalid. In support of such contention, learned counsel relied upon the following decisions :
(i) M/s. Brandix Mauritius Holdings Ovs. V. DCIT, 2022(11)TMI 34 (ITAT Delhi).
(ii) CIT v. Brandix Mauritius Holdings Ltd., 2023(4)TMI 579 (Delhi High Court)
(iii) Dilip Kothari v. PCIT, 2022(11) TMI 33 (ITAT Bangalore)
(iv) H.K. Suresh v. PCIT, 2022(12) TMI 744 (ITAT Bangalore)
(vi). Tata Medical Centre Trust v. CIT, 2022(7) TMI 1334 (ITAT Kolkata)
6. Learned counsel submitted, since, the Circular issued by CBDT is binding on the Assessing Officer, the Assessing Officer could not have violated the conditions of such circular. Thus, he submitted, the assessment order should be quashed, being invalid.
7. Learned Departmental Representative submitted, though, the Assessing Officer issued the assessment order manually without DIN due to certain technical exigencies, however, the assessment order was issued with prior approval of CCIT and the Assessing Officer has issued the DIN within specified time limit. Thus, he submitted, the assessment order is in full compliance with the CBDT Circular.
8. We have considered rival submissions and perused the materials on record. We have also applied our mind to the decisions relied upon. Undisputedly, the impugned assessment order was passed on 24.12.2021 and was communicated by the Assessing Officer to the assessee manually without generating a DIN. Of course, subsequently, the Assessing Officer issued one more communication dated 03.02.2022 to the assessee generating the DIN of the assessment order. The issue, which arises for consideration is, whether, the subsequent communication issued by the Assessing Officer generating the DIN in respect of the assessment order will satisfy the conditions of CBDT Circular No. 19/2019 dated 14.08.2019 and cure the deficiency in issuing the assessment order manually without generating the DIN.
9. For arriving at a proper conclusion in this regard, it is necessary to look into the contents of Circular No. 19/2019 dated 14.08.2019 issued by the CBDT, which are as under :
“Circular No. 19 /2019
Government of India
Ministry of Finance
Department of Revenue
Central Board of Direct Taxes
New Delhi, dated the 14th of August, 2019
Subject: Generation/Allotment/Quoting of Document Identification Number in Notice/Order/Summons/Ietter/correspondence issued by the Income-tax Department – reg.
With the launch of various e-governance initiatives, income-tax Department is moving toward total computerization of its work. This has led to a significant improvement in delivery of services and has also brought greater transparency in the functioning of the tax- administration. Presently, almost all notices and orders are being generated electronically on the Income fax Business Application (ITBA) platform. However, it has been brought to the notice of the Central Board of Direct Taxes (the Board) that there have been some instances in which the notice, order, summons, letter and any correspondence (hereinafter referred to as “communication”) were found to have been issued manually, without maintaining a proper audit trail of such communication.
2. in order to prevent such instances and to maintain proper audit trail of all communication, the Board in exercise of power under section 119 of the income-tax Act, 1961 (hereinafter referred to as “the Act”), has decided that no communication shall be issued by any income- tax authority relating to assessment, appeals, orders, statutory or otherwise, exemptions, enquiry, investigation, verification of information, penalty, prosecution, rectification, approval etc, to the assessee or any other person, on or after the 1SI day of October, 2019 unless a computer-generated Document Identification Number (DIN) has been allotted and is duly quoted in the body of such communication.
3. In exceptional circumstances such as, —
(i) when there are technical difficulties in generating/allotting/quoting the DIN and issuance of communication electronically;, or
(ii) when communication regarding enquiry, verification etc. is required to be issued by an income-tax authority, who is outside the office, tor discharging, his Official duties: or
(iii) when due to delay in PAN migration, PAN is lying with nor.-jurisdictional Assessing Officer; or
(iv) when PAN of assesses is not available and where a proceeding under the Act (other than verification under section 131 or section 133 of the Act) is sought to be initiated: or
(v) When the functionality to issue communication is net available in the system,
the communication may be issued manually but only after recording reasons in writing in the file and with prior written approval of the Chief Commissioner / Director General of income-tax. In cases where manual communication is required to be issued due to delay in PAN migration, the proposal seeking approval for issuance of manual communication shall include the reason for delay in PAN migration. The communication issued under aforesaid circumstances shall stale the fact that the communication is issued manually without a DIN and the date of obtaining of the written approval of the Chief Commissioner / Director General of Income-Tax for issue of manual communication in the following format-
” .. This communication issues manually without a DIN on account of reason/reasons given in para 3(i)/3(ii)/3(iii)/3(iv)/3(v) of the CBDT Circular No …dated (strike off those which are not applicable) and with the approval of the Chief Commissioner / Director General of Income Tax vide number …. dated …. ”
4. Any communication which is not in conformity with Para-2 and Para-3 above, shall be treated as invalid and shall be deemed to have never been issued.
5. The communication issued manually in the three situations specified in para
3- (i), (ii) or (iii) above shall have to be regularised within 15 working days of its issuance, by —
i. uploading the manual communication on the System.
ii. compulsorily generating the DIN on the System;
iii. communicating the DIN so generated to the assessee/any other person as per electronically generated pro-forma available on the System.
6. An intimation of issuance of manual communication for the reasons mentioned in para 3(v) shall be sent to the Principal Director General of Income-tax (Systems) within seven days from the date of its issuance.
7. Further, in all pending assessment proceedings, where notices were issued manually, prior to issuance of this Circular, the income-tax authorities shall identify such cases and shall upload the notices in these cases on the Systems by 31st October, 2019.
8. Hindi version to follow.
Sd/-
(Sarita Kumari)
Director (ITA, II) CBDT
(F. No. 225/95/2019-1TA.H)
Copy lo:-
i. PS to FM/OSD to FM/PS to MoS(F)/OSD to MoS(F)
ii. PS to Secretary (Revenue)
iii. Chairman, CBDT & All Members. CBDT
iv. All Pr. CCslT/Pr. DsGIT
v. All Joint Secretaries/CslT, CBDT
vi. C&AG
vii. CIT (M&TP), Official Spokesperson of CBDT
viii. O/o Pr. DGIT(Systems) for uploading on official website
ix. CIT (Database Cell) for uploading on the departmental website
Sd/-
(Sarita Kumari)
Director (ITA, II) CBDT”
10. A reading of the aforesaid circular makes it clear that the object behind bringing the circular is for creating an audit trail. In paragraph 2, it has been very clearly mentioned that no communication shall be issued by any income-tax authority relating to assessment, appeals, orders, statutory or otherwise, exemptions, enquiry, investigation, verification of information, penalty, prosecution, rectification, approval etc. to the assessee or any other person, on or after the 1st day of October, 2019, unless a computer generated DIN has been allotted and is duly quoted in the body of such communication. Paragraph 3 of the circular carves out certain exceptions to paragraph 2 by providing that under certain exceptional circumstances, enumerated in clause (i) to (v) of paragraph 3, the communication may be issued manually but only after recording reasons in writing not only in the file and with prior written approval of the Chief Commissioner/Director General of Income-tax, but, the communication issued manually in such circumstances must also state the reasons why communication is issued manually without a DIN and must also mention the date and number of written approval of the Chief Commissioner/Director General of Income-tax for issuing manual communication. In fact, in paragraph 3 of the aforesaid circular, the format for recording such reasons has been specified. Paragraph 4 of the circular makes it clear that any communication issued which, is not in conformity with paragraph 2 and paragraph 3 of the circular, shall be treated as invalid and shall be deemed to have never been issued. It is fairly well settled, a circular issued u/s. 119 of the Act has statutory force and binding on subordinate authorities working under the Central Board of Direct Taxes.
11. A perusal of the impugned assessment order makes it clear that in the body of the assessment order the Assessing Officer has neither recorded the reasons for issuing the assessment order manually without DIN nor the date and number of approval of the Chief Commissioner/Director General of Income-tax. The subsequent communication dated 03.02.2022 issued by the Assessing Officer generating DIN of the assessment order cannot make good the deficiency in the assessment order issued without generating DIN, as, the Assessing Officer has failed to adhere to the conditions of paragraph No. 3 of the extant Circular, wherein, it has been specifically mandated that in a case where the Assessing Officer has to issue the communication manually without generating DIN with the prior approval of the CCIT/DGIT, not only he has to record the reasons for doing so in the file, but, he also has to incorporate in the body of such communication the reasons and number and date of approval by the CCIT/DGIT in the specified format. In the facts of the present appeal, admittedly, the assessment order issued manually by the Assessing Officer without generating DIN does not contain any reasons recorded by the Assessing Officer for issuing the order manually without DIN and the number & date of the approval granted by the CCIT. Thus, there cannot be any manner of doubt that the Assessing Officer has issued the assessment order without complying with the conditions enshrined in paragraph No. 2 & 3 of CBDT Circular, referred to above. That being the factual position, in terms of paragraph No. 4 of the said Circular, the assessment order has to be declared as invalid and shall be deemed to have never been issued.
12. Pertinently, while dealing with an identical issue in case of CIT vs. Brandix Mauritius Holdings Ltd. (supra), Hon’ble jurisdictional High Court has held as under :
“12. We have heard learned counsel for the parties. The present appeal is preferred under Section 260A of the Act. The Court’s mandate, thus, is to consider whether or not a substantial question of law arises for consideration.
12.1 As noted above, the impugned order has not been passed on merits.
13. The Tribunal has applied the plain provisions of the 2019 Circular, based on which, it has allowed the appeal preferred by the respondent/assessee.
14. The broad contours of the 2019 Circular have been adverted to by us hereinabove.
14.1 Insofar as the instant case is concerned, admittedly, the draft assessment order was passed on 30.12.2018.
15. The respondent/assessee had filed its objections qua the same, which were disposed of by the Dispute Resolution Panel [DRP] via order dated 20.09.2019.
16. The final assessment order was passed by the Assessing Officer (AO) on 15.10.2019, under Section 147/144(C)( 13)/143(3) of the Act. Concededly, the final assessment order does not bear a DIN. There is nothing on record to show that the appellant/revenue took steps to demonstrate before the Tribunal that there were exceptional circumstances, as referred to in paragraph 3 of the 2019 Circular, which would sustain the communication of the final assessment order manually, albeit, without DIN.
16.1 Given this situation, clearly paragraph 4 of the 2019 Circular would apply.
17. Paragraph 4 of the 2019 Circular, as extracted hereinabove, decidedly provides that any communication which is not in conformity with paragraph 2 and 3 shall be treated as invalid and shall be deemed to have never been issued. The phraseology of paragraph 4 of the 2019 Circular fairly puts such communication, which includes communication of assessment order, in the category of communication which are non-est in law.
17.1 It is also well established that circulars issued by the CBDT in exercise of its powers under Section 119 of the Act are binding on the” revenue.
17.2 The aforementioned principle stands enunciated in a long line of judgements, including the Supreme Court’s judgment rendered in K.P. Varghese v. Income Tax Officer, Ernakulam and Anr., (1981) 4 SCC 173. The relevant extracts are set forth hereafter:
“12. But the construction which is commending itself to us does not rest merely on the principle of contemporanea exposition. The two circulars of the Central Board of Direct Taxes to which we have just referred are legally binding on the Revenue and this binding character attaches to the two circulars even if they be found not in accordance with the correct interpretation of sub-section (2) and they depart or deviate from such construction. It is now well settled as a result of two decisions of this Court, one in Navnitlal C. Javeri v. K.K. Sen [AIR 1965 SC 1375 : (1965) 1 SCR 909 : 56 ITR 198] and the other in Ellerman Lines Ltd. v. CIT[(1979) 4 SCC 565] that circulars issued by the Central Board of Direct Taxes under Section 119 of the Act are binding on all officers and persons employed in the execution of the Act even if they deviate from the provisions of the Act. The question which arose in Navnitlal C. Javeri case [AIR 1965 SC 1375 : (1965) 1 SCR 909 : 56 ITR 198] was in regard to the constitutional validity of Sections 2(6-A)(e) and 12(1-B) which were introduced in the Indian Income Tax Act, 1922 by the Finance Act, 1955 with effect from April 1, 1955. These two sections provided that any payment made by a closely held company to its shareholders by way of advance or loan to the extent to which the company possesses accumulated profits shall be treated as dividend taxable under the Act and this would include any loan or advance made in any previous year relevant to any assessment year prior to Assessment Year 1955-56, if such loan or advance remained outstanding on the first day of the previous year relevant to Assessment Year 1955-56. The constitutional validity of these two sections was assailed on the ground that they imposed unreasonable restrictions on the fundamental right of the assessee under Article 19(1)(f) and (g) of the Constitution by taxing outstanding loans or advances of past years as dividend. The Revenue however relied on a circular issued by the Central Board of Revenue under Section 5(8) of the Indian Income Tax Act, 1922 which corresponded to Section 119 of the present Act and this circular provided that if any such outstanding loans or advances of past years were repaid on or before June 30, 1955, they would not be taken into account in determining the tax liability of the shareholders to whom such loans or advances were given. This circular was clearly contrary to the plain language of Section 2(6-A)(e) and Section 12(1-B), but even so this Court held that it was binding on the Revenue and since:
“past transactions which would normally have attracted the stringent provisions of Section 12(1-B) as it was introduced in 1955, were substantially granted exemption from the operation of the said provisions by making it clear to all the companies and their shareholders that if the past loans were genuinely refunded to the companies they would not he taken into account under Section 12(1 -B), ”
Sections 2(6-A)(e) and 12(1-B) did not suffer from the vice of unconstitutionality. This decision was followed in Ellerman Lines case [(1972) 4 SCC 474 : 1974 SCC (Tax) 304 : 82 ITR 913] where referring to another circular issued by the Central Board of Revenue under Section 5(8) of the Indian Income Tax Act, 1922 on which reliance was placed on behalf of the assessee, this Court observed:
“Now, coming to the question as to the effect of instructions issued under Section 5(8) of the Act, this Court observed in Navnitlal C. Javeri v. K.K. Sen, Appellate Assistant Commissioner, Bombay [AIR 1965 SC 1375 : (1965) 1 SCR 909 : 56 ITR 198] :
‘It is clear that a circular of the kind which was issued by the Board would be binding on all officers and persons employed in the execution of the Act under Section 5(8) of the Act. This circular pointed out to all the officers that it was likely that some of the companies might have advanced loans to their shareholders as a result of genuine transactions of loans, and the idea was not to affect such transactions and not to bring them within the mischief of the new provision. ’
The directions given in that circular clearly deviated from the provisions of the Act, yet this Court held that the circular was binding on the Income Tax Officer. ”
The two circulars of the Central Board of Direct Taxes referred to above must therefore be held to be binding on the Revenue in the administration or implementation of sub-section (2) and this subsection must be read as applicable only to cases where there is understatement of the consideration in respect of the transfer. ”
[Emphasis is ours]
17.3 Also see the following observations of a coordinate bench in Back Office IT Solutions Pvt. Ltd. v. Union of India, 2021 SCC OnLine Del 2742, in the context of the impact of circulars issued by the revenue:
“24….In this context, tax administrators have to bear in mind the well- established dicta that circulars issued by the statutory authorities are binding on them, although, they cannot dictate the manner in which assessment has to be carried out in a particular case. A Circular cannot be side-stepped causing prejudice to the assessee by bringing to naught the object for which it is issued. [See: K.P. Varghese vs. Income-tax Officer 1, [1981] 7 Taxman 13 (SC); Also see: UCO Bank, Calcutta v. Commissioner of Income Tax, W.B., (1999) 4 SCC 599], ”
18. The argument advanced on behalf the appellant/revenue, that recourse can be taken to Section 292B of the Act, is untenable, having regard to the phraseology used in paragraph 4 of the 2019 Circular.
19. The object and purpose of the issuance of the 2019 Circular, as indicated hereinabove, inter alia, was to create an audit trail. Therefore, the communication relating to assessments, appeals, orders, etcetera which find mention in paragraph 2 of the 2019 Circular, albeit without DIN, can have no standing in law, having regard to the provisions of paragraph 4 of the 2019 Circular.
20. The logical sequitur of the aforesaid reasoning can only be that the Tribunal’s decision to not sustain the final assessment order dated 15.10.2019, is a view that cannot call for our interference.
21. As noted above, in the instant appeal all that we are required to consider is whether any substantial question of law arises for consideration, which, inter alia, would require the Court to examine whether the issue is debatable or if there is an alternate view possible. Given the language employed in the 2019 Circular, there is neither any scope for debate not is there any leeway for an alternate view.
21.1 We find no error in the view adopted by the Tribunal. The Tribunal has simply applied the provisions of the 2019 Circular and thus, reached a conclusion in favour of the respondent/assessee.”
13. Thus, keeping in view the aforesaid observations of the Hon’ble Delhi High Court and in terms of paragraph 4 of the circular No. 19/2019 dated 14.08.2019, we have no hesitation in holding that the impugned assessment order is invalid and shall be deemed to have never been issued. Accordingly, we quash the impugned assessment order. As a natural corollary, the order of ld. Commissioner (Appeals) is set aside.
14. Since, we have allowed assessee’s appeal on the legal ground, rest of the grounds, having been rendered academic, do not require adjudication.
15. In the result, appeal is allowed as indicated above. Order pronounced in the open court on 30/05/2023.
