In-depth analysis of hurdles in Input Tax Credit under GST Law
Section 2. Definitions In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires, ––
(62) ‘input tax’ in relation to a registered person, means the central tax, State tax, integrated tax or Union territory tax charged on any supply of goods or services, or both made to him and includes—
(a) the integrated goods and services tax charged on import of goods;
(b) the tax payable under the provisions of sub-sections (3) and (4) of section 9;
(c) the tax payable under the provisions of sub-sections (3) and (4) of section 5 of the Integrated Goods and Services Tax Act;
(d) the tax payable under the provisions of sub-sections (3) and (4) of section 9 of the respective State Goods and Services Tax Act; or
(e) the tax payable under the provisions of sub-sections (3) and (4) of section 7 of the Union Territory Goods and Services Tax Act,
but does not include the tax paid under the composition levy;
(63) “input tax credit” means the credit of input tax;
References to Sections and Rules of CGST Act and CGST Rules 2017
| SN | Provision | Nature of the hurdle |
| 1 | Section 16 | Six conditions to be satisfied for taking ITC. |
| 2 | Section 17(5) | Some ITCs forbidden even when used during or in furtherance of business of the taxpayers |
| No ITC of tax paid after the proceedings are commenced under Sections 74, 129 & 130. | ||
| 3 | Section 38 | Restrictions on the quantum of ITC for acts not attributable to the recipient of supplies. |
| 4 | Section 41 | Recipient has to pay interest on the credit taken until the date of reversal, if the supplier has defaulted in paying the tax. |
| 5 | Section 66 | Special audit of ITC if an officer of the rank of ACCGST thinks that the credit taken is not normal. |
| 6 | Rule 42 & 43 | Reversal of ITC relating to non-business use, exclusively used for exempt supplies, and blocked credits. |
| Reversal ITC on the capital used exclusively or partially for exempt supplies. | ||
| 7 | Rule 86A | Suo motu action of blocking the ITC. |
| 8 | Rule 86B | Compulsory payment of at least 1% tax by cash for some taxpayers. |
| 9 | Rule 96(10) | Denial of right to pay IGST on exports and claim refund when some GST and Customs exemptions have been availed by the exporter. |
1. Section-16 -Eligibility and conditions for taking input tax credit.
(a) he is in possession of a tax invoice or debit note issued by a supplier registered under this Act, or such other tax paying documents as may be prescribed;
(aa) the details of the invoice or debit note referred to in clause (a) has been furnished by the supplier in the statement of outward supplies and such details have been communicated to the recipient of such invoice or debit note in the manner specified under section 37;
(ba) the details of input tax credit in respect of the said supply communicated to such registered person under section 38 has not been restricted
(b) he has received the goods or services or both.
(c) subject to the provisions of section 41 or section 43A, the tax charged in respect of such supply has been actually paid to the Government, either in cash or through utilisation of input tax credit admissible in respect of the said supply; and
(d) he has furnished the return under section 39:
2. Section-17(5) -Apportionment of credit and blocked credits
(5) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1) of section 16 and subsection (1) of section 18, input tax credit shall not be available in respect of the following, namely:—
(a) motor vehicles for transportation of persons having approved seating capacity of not more than thirteen persons (including the driver), except when they are used for making the following taxable supplies, namely:—
(A) further supply of such motor vehicles; or
(B) transportation of passengers; or
(C) imparting training on driving such motor vehicles;
(aa) vessels and aircraft except when they are used––
(i) for making the following taxable supplies, namely:—
(A) further supply of such vessels or aircraft; or
(B) transportation of passengers; or
(C) imparting training on navigating such vessels; or
(D) imparting training on flying such aircraft;
(ii) for transportation of goods;
(ab) services of general insurance, servicing, repair and maintenance in so far as they relate to motor vehicles, vessels or aircraft referred to in clause (a) or clause (aa):
Provided that the input tax credit in respect of such services shall be available—
(i) where the motor vehicles, vessels or aircraft referred to in clause (a) or clause (aa) are used for the purposes specified therein;
(ii) where received by a taxable person engaged—
(I) in the manufacture of such motor vehicles, vessels or aircraft; or
(II) in the supply of general insurance services in respect of such motor vehicles, vessels or aircraft insured by him;
(b) the following supply of goods or services or both—
(i) food and beverages, outdoor catering, beauty treatment, health services, cosmetic and plastic surgery, leasing, renting or hiring of motor vehicles, vessels or aircraft referred to in clause (a) or clause (aa) except when used for the purposes specified therein, life insurance and health insurance:
Provided that the input tax credit in respect of such goods or services or both shall be available where an inward supply of such goods or services or both is used by a registered person for making an outward taxable supply of the same category of goods or services or both or as an element of a taxable composite or mixed supply;
(ii) membership of a club, health and fitness centre; and
(iii) travel benefits extended to employees on vacation such as leave or home travel concession:
Provided that the input tax credit in respect of such goods or services or both shall be available, where it is obligatory for an employer to provide to its employees under any law for the time being in force.]
(c) works contract services when supplied for construction of an immovable property (other than plant and machinery) except where it is an input service for further supply of works contract service;
(d) goods or services or both received by a taxable person for construction of an immovable property (other than plant or machinery) on his own account including when such goods or services or both are used in the course or furtherance of business.
Explanation.––For the purposes of clauses (c) and (d), the expression “construction” includes re-construction, renovation, additions or alterations or repairs, to the extent of capitalisation, to the said immovable property;
(e) goods or services or both on which tax has been paid under section 10;
(f) goods or services or both received by a non-resident taxable person except on goods imported by him;
(g) goods or services or both used for personal consumption;
(h) goods lost, stolen, destroyed, written off or disposed of by way of gift or free samples; and
(i) any tax paid in accordance with the provisions of sections 74, 129 and 130.
Explanation. ––For the purposes of this Chapter and Chapter VI, the expression “plant and machinery” means apparatus, equipment, and machinery fixed to earth by foundation or structural support that are used for making outward supply of goods or services or both and includes such foundation and structural supports but excludes—
(i) land, building or any other civil structures;
(ii) telecommunication towers; and(iii) pipelines laid outside the factory premises.
3. Section 38. Furnishing details of inward supplies.
(1) Every registered person, other than an Input Service Distributor or a non-resident taxable person or a person paying tax under the provisions of section 10 or section 51 or section 52, shall verify, validate, modify or delete, if required, the details relating to outward supplies and credit or debit notes communicated under sub-section (1) of section 37 to prepare the details of his inward supplies and credit or debit notes and may include therein, the details of inward supplies and credit or debit notes received by him in respect of such supplies that have not been declared by the supplier under sub-section (1) of section 37.
(2) Every registered person, other than an Input Service Distributor or a non-resident taxable person or a person paying tax under the provisions of section 10 or section 51 or section 52, shall furnish, electronically, the details of inward supplies of taxable goods or services or both, including inward supplies of goods or services or both on which the tax is payable on reverse charge basis under this Act and inward supplies of goods or services or both taxable under the Integrated Goods and Services Tax Act or on which integrated goods and services tax is payable under section 3 of the Customs Tariff Act, 1975, and credit or debit notes received in respect of such supplies during a tax period after the tenth day but on or before the fifteenth day of the month succeeding the tax period in such form and manner as may be prescribed: [See Rule 60]
Provided that the Commissioner may, for reasons to be recorded in writing, by notification, extend the time limit for furnishing such details for such class of taxable persons as may be specified therein:
Provided further that any extension of time limit notified by the Commissioner of State tax or Commissioner of Union territory tax shall be deemed to be notified by the Commissioner.
(3) The details of supplies modified, deleted or included by the recipient and furnished under sub-section (2) shall be communicated to the supplier concerned in such manner and within such time as may be prescribed.
(4) The details of supplies modified, deleted or included by the recipient in the return furnished under sub-section (2) or sub-section (4) of section 39 shall be communicated to the supplier concerned in such manner and within such time as may be prescribed.
(5) Any registered person, who has furnished the details under sub-section (2) for any tax period and which have remained unmatched under section 42 or section 43, shall, upon discovery of any error or omission therein, rectify such error or omission in the tax period during which such error or omission is noticed in such manner as may be prescribed, and shall pay the tax and interest, if any, in case there is a short payment of tax on account of such error or omission, in the return to be furnished for such tax period:
Provided that no rectification of error or omission in respect of the details furnished under sub-section (2) shall be allowed after furnishing of the return under section 39 for the month of September following the end of the financial year to which such details pertain, or furnishing of the relevant annual return, whichever is earlier.
[Amendment made in This Section by The Finance Act 2022 to be effective from such date as may be appointed.]
104. Substitution of new section for section 38
For section 38 of the Central Goods and Services Tax Act, the following section shall be substituted, namely:––
“38. Communication of details of inward supplies and input tax credit.
(1) The details of outward supplies furnished by the registered persons under sub-section (1) of section 37 and of such other supplies as may be prescribed, and an auto-generated statement containing the details of input tax credit shall be made available electronically to the recipients of such supplies in such form and manner, within such time, and subject to such conditions and restrictions as may be prescribed.
(2) The auto-generated statement under sub-section (1) shall consist of––
(a) details of inward supplies in respect of which credit of input tax may be available to the recipient; and
(b) details of supplies in respect of which such credit cannot be availed, whether wholly or partly, by the recipient, on account of the details of the said supplies being furnished under sub-section (1) of section 37,–
(i) by any registered person within such period of taking registration as may be prescribed; or
(ii) by any registered person, who has defaulted in payment of tax and where such default has continued for such period as may be prescribed; or
(iii) by any registered person, the output tax payable by whom in accordance with the statement of outward supplies furnished by him under the said sub-section during such period, as may be prescribed, exceeds the output tax paid by him during the said period by such limit as may be prescribed; or
(iv) by any registered person who, during such period as may be prescribed, has availed credit of input tax of an amount that exceeds the credit that can be availed by him in accordance with clause (a), by such limit as may be prescribed; or
(v) by any registered person, who has defaulted in discharging his tax liability in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (12) of section 49 subject to such conditions and restrictions as may be prescribed; or
(vi) by such other class of persons as may be prescribed.
4. Section 41. Claim of input tax credit and provisional acceptance thereof.
(1) Every registered person shall, subject to such conditions and restrictions as may be prescribed, be entitled to take the credit of eligible input tax, as self-assessed, in his return and such amount shall be credited on a provisional basis to his electronic credit ledger.
(2) The credit referred to in sub-section (1) shall be utilised only for payment of self-assessed output tax as per the return referred to in the said sub-section. [See Rule 69]
[Amendment made in This Section by The Finance Act 2022 to be effective from such date as may be appointed.]
106. Substitution of new section for section 41
For section 41 of the Central Goods and Services Tax Act, the following section shall be substituted, namely:––
“41. Availment of input tax credit
(1) Every registered person shall, subject to such conditions and restrictions as may be prescribed, be entitled to avail the credit of eligible input tax, as self-assessed, in his return and such amount shall be credited to his electronic credit ledger.
(2) The credit of input tax availed by a registered person under sub-section (1) in respect of such supplies of goods or services or both, the tax payable whereon has not been paid by the supplier, shall be reversed along with applicable interest, by the said person in such manner as may be prescribed:
Provided that where the said supplier makes payment of the tax payable in respect of the aforesaid supplies, the said registered person may re-avail the amount of credit reversed by him in such manner as may be prescribed.
5. Section 66. Special audit.
(1) If at any stage of scrutiny, inquiry, investigation or any other proceedings before him, any officer not below the rank of Assistant Commissioner, having regard to the nature and complexity of the case and the interest of revenue, is of the opinion that the value has not been correctly declared or the credit availed is not within the normal limits, he may, with the prior approval of the Commissioner, direct such registered person by a communication in writing to get his records including books of account examined and audited by a chartered accountant or a cost accountant as may be nominated by the Commissioner.
(2) The chartered accountant or cost accountant so nominated shall, within the period of ninety days, submit a report of such audit duly signed and certified by him to the said Assistant Commissioner mentioning therein such other particulars as may be specified:
Provided that the Assistant Commissioner may, on an application made to him in this behalf by the registered person or the chartered accountant or cost accountant or for any material and sufficient reason, extend the said period by a further period of ninety days.
(3) The provisions of sub-section (1) shall have effect notwithstanding that the accounts of the registered person have been audited under any other provisions of this Act or any other law for the time being in force.
(4) The registered person shall be given an opportunity of being heard in respect of any material gathered on the basis of special audit under sub-section (1) which is proposed to be used in any proceedings against him under this Act or the rules made thereunder.
(5) The expenses of the examination and audit of records under sub-section (1), including the remuneration of such chartered accountant or cost accountant, shall be determined and paid by the Commissioner and such determination shall be final.
(6) Where the special audit conducted under sub-section (1) results in detection of tax not paid or short paid or erroneously refunded, or input tax credit wrongly availed or utilised, the proper officer may initiate action under section 73 or section 74. [See Rule 102]
6. Rule 42. Manner of determination of input tax credit in respect of inputs or input services and reversal thereof.-
(1) The input tax credit in respect of inputs or input services, which attract the provisions of sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) of section 17, being partly used for the purposes of business and partly for other purposes, or partly used for effecting taxable supplies including zero rated supplies and partly for effecting exempt supplies, shall be attributed to the purposes of business or for effecting taxable supplies in the following manner, namely,-
(a) the total input tax involved on inputs and input services in a tax period, be denoted as ‘T’;
(b) the amount of input tax, out of ‘T’, attributable to inputs and input services intended to be used exclusively for the purposes other than business, be denoted as ‘T1’;
(c) the amount of input tax, out of ‘T’, attributable to inputs and input services intended to be used exclusively for effecting exempt supplies, be denoted as ‘T2’;
(d) the amount of input tax, out of ‘T’, in respect of inputs and input services on which credit is not available under sub-section (5) of section 17, be denoted as ‘T3’;
(e) the amount of input tax credit credited to the electronic credit ledger of registered person, be denoted as ‘C1’ and calculated as-
C1 = T- (T1+T2+T3);
(f) the amount of input tax credit attributable to inputs and input services intended to be used exclusively for effecting supplies other than exempted but including zero rated supplies, be denoted as ‘T4’;
2[Explanation: For the purpose of this clause, it is hereby clarified that in case of supply of services covered by clause (b) of paragraph 5 of Schedule II of the said Act, value of T4 shall be zero during the construction phase because inputs and input services will be commonly used for construction of apartments booked on or before the date of issuance of completion certificate or first occupation of the project, whichever is earlier, and those which are not booked by the said date.]
(g) ‘T1’, ‘T2’, ‘T3’ and ‘T4’ shall be determined and declared by the registered person at the invoice level in FORM GSTR-2 2[and at summary level in FORM GSTR-3B];
(h) input tax credit left after attribution of input tax credit under clause 3[(h)] shall be called common credit, be denoted as ‘C2’ and calculated as-
C2 = C1– T4;
(i) the amount of input tax credit attributable towards exempt supplies, be denoted as ‘D1’ and calculated as-
D1= (E÷F) × C2
where,
‘E’ is the aggregate value of exempt supplies during the tax period, and
‘F’ is the total turnover in the State of the registered person during the tax period:
2[Provided that in case of supply of services covered by clause (b) of paragraph 5 of Schedule II of the Act, the value of “E/F” for a tax period shall be calculated for each project separately, taking value of E and F as under:-
E= aggregate carpet area of the apartments, construction of which is exempt from tax plus aggregate carpet area of the apartments, construction of which is not exempt from tax, but are identified by the promoter to be sold after issue of completion certificate or first occupation, whichever is earlier;
F= aggregate carpet area of the apartments in the project;
Explanation 1: In the tax period in which the issuance of completion certificate or first occupation of the project takes place, value of E shall also include aggregate carpet area of the apartments, which have not been booked till the date of issuance of completion certificate or first occupation of the project, whichever is earlier;
4[Provided further] that where the registered person does not have any turnover during the said tax period or the aforesaid information is not available, the value of ‘E/F’ shall be calculated by taking values of ‘E’ and ‘F’ of the last tax period for which the details of such turnover are available, previous to the month during which the said value of ‘E/F’ is to be calculated;
Explanation: For the purposes of this clause, it is hereby clarified that the aggregate value of exempt supplies and the total turnover shall exclude the amount of any duty or tax levied under entry 84 1[and entry 92A] of List I of the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution and entry 51 and 54 of List II of the said Schedule;
(j) the amount of credit attributable to non-business purposes if common inputs and input services are used partly for business and partly for non-business purposes, be denoted as ‘D2’, and shall be equal to five per cent. of C2; and
(k) the remainder of the common credit shall be the eligible input tax credit attributed to the purposes of business and for effecting supplies other than exempted supplies but including zero rated supplies and shall be denoted as ‘C3’, where,-
C3 = C2 – (D1+D2);
5[(l) the amount “C3” “D1” and “D2” shall be computed separately for input tax credit of central tax, State tax, Union territory tax and integrated tax and declared in FORM GSTR-3B or through FORM GST DRC-03 ;]
(m) the amount equal to aggregate of ‘D1’ and ‘D2’ shall be 6[reversed by the registered person in FORM GSTR-3B or through FORM GST DRC-03]:
Provided that where the amount of input tax relating to inputs or input services used partly for the purposes other than business and partly for effecting exempt supplies has been identified and segregated at the invoice level by the registered person, the same shall be included in ‘T1’ and ‘T2’ respectively, and the remaining amount of credit on such inputs or input services shall be included in ‘T4’.
(2) 7[Except in case of supply of services covered by clause (b) of paragraph 5 of the Schedule II of the Act, the input tax credit] determined under sub-rule (1) shall be calculated finally for the financial year before the due date for furnishing of the return for the month of September following the end of the financial year to which such credit relates, in the manner specified in the said sub-rule and-
(a) where the aggregate of the amounts calculated finally in respect of ‘D1’ and ‘D2’ exceeds the aggregate of the amounts determined under sub-rule (1) in respect of ‘D1’ and ‘D2’, such excess shall be 8[reversed by the registered person in FORM GSTR-3B or through FORM GST DRC-03 ] in the month not later than the month of September following the end of the financial year to which such credit relates and the said person shall be liable to pay interest on the said excess amount at the rate specified in sub-section (1) of section 50 for the period starting from the first day of April of the succeeding financial year till the date of payment; or
(b) where the aggregate of the amounts determined under sub-rule (1) in respect of ‘D1’ and ‘D2’ exceeds the aggregate of the amounts calculated finally in respect of ‘D1’ and ‘D2’, such excess amount shall be claimed as credit by the registered person in his return for a month not later than the month of September following the end of the financial year to which such credit relates.
2[(3) In case of supply of services covered by clause (b) of paragraph 5 of the Schedule II of the Act, the input tax determined under sub-rule (1) shall be calculated finally, for each ongoing project or project which commences on or after 1st April, 2019, which did not undergo or did not require transition of input tax credit consequent to change of rates of tax on 1st April, 2019 in accordance with notification No. 11/2017- Central Tax (Rate), dated the 28th June, 2017, published vide GSR No. 690(E) dated the 28th June, 2017, as amended for the entire period from the commencement of the project or 1stJuly, 2017, whichever is later, to the completion or first occupation of the project, whichever is earlier, before the due date for furnishing of the return for the month of September following the end of financial year in which the completion certificate is issued or first occupation takes place of the project, in the manner prescribed in the said sub-rule, with the modification that value of E/F shall be calculated taking value of E and F as under:
E= aggregate carpet area of the apartments, construction of which is exempt from tax plus aggregate carpet area of the apartments, construction of which is not exempt from tax, but which have not been booked till the date of issuance of completion certificate or first occupation of the project, whichever is earlier:
F= aggregate carpet area of the apartments in the project;
and,-
(a) where the aggregate of the amounts calculated finally in respect of “D1” and “D2” exceeds the aggregate of the amounts determined under sub-rule (1) in respect of “D1” and “D2”, such excess shall be reversed by the registered person in FORM GSTR-3B or through FORM GST DRC-03 in the month not later than the month of September following the end of the financial year in which the completion certificate is issued or first occupation of the project takes place and the said person shall be liable to pay interest on the said excess amount at the rate specified in sub-section (1) of section 50 for the period starting from the first day of April of the succeeding financial year till the date of payment; or
(b) where the aggregate of the amounts determined under sub-rule (1) in respect of “D1” and “D2” exceeds the aggregate of the amounts calculated finally in respect of “D1” and “D2”, such excess amount shall be claimed as credit by the registered person in his return for a month not later than the month of September following the end of the financial year in which the completion certificate is issued or first occupation takes place of the project.
(4) In case of supply of services covered by clause (b) of paragraph 5 of Schedule II of the Act, the input tax determined under sub-rule (1) shall be calculated finally, for commercial portion in each project, other than residential real estate project (RREP), which underwent transition of input tax credit consequent to change of rates of tax on the 1st April, 2019 in accordance with notification No. 11/2017- Central Tax (Rate), dated the 28th June, 2017, published vide GSR No. 690(E) dated the 28th June, 2017, as amended for the entire period from the commencement of the project or 1st July, 2017, whichever is later, to the completion or first occupation of the project, whichever is earlier, before the due date for furnishing of the return for the month of September following the end of financial year in which the completion certificate is issued or first occupation takes place of the project, in the following manner.
(a) The aggregate amount of common credit on commercial portion in the project (C3aggregate_comm) shall be calculated as under,
C3aggregate_comm =[aggregate of amounts of C3 determined under sub- rule (1) for the tax periods starting from 1st July, 2017 to 31st March, 2019, x (AC / AT)] + [ aggregate of amounts of C3 determined under sub- rule (1)for the tax periods starting from 1st April, 2019 to the date of completion or first occupation of the project, whichever is earlier]
Where, –
AC = total carpet area of the commercial apartments in the project
AT = total carpet area of all apartments in the project
(b) The amount of final eligible common credit on commercial portion in the project (C3final_comm) shall be calculated as under
C3final_comm =C3aggregate_comm x (E/ F)
Where, –
E = total carpet area of commercial apartments which have not been booked till the date of issuance of completion certificate or first occupation of the project, whichever is earlier.
F = AC = total carpet area of the commercial apartments in the project
(c) where, C3aggregate_comm exceeds C3final_comm, such excess shall be reversed by the registered person inFORM GSTR-3B or through FORM GST DRC-03 in the month not later than the month of September following the end of the financial year in which the completion certificate is issued or first occupation takes place of the project and the said person shall be liable to pay interest on the said excess amount at the rate specified in sub-section (1) of section 50 for the period starting from the first day of April of the succeeding financial year till the date of payment;
(d) where, C3final_comm exceeds C3aggregate_comm, such excess amount shall be claimed as credit by the registered person in his return for a month not later than the month of September following the end of the financial year in which the completion certificate is issued or first occupation takes place of the project.
(5) Input tax determined under sub- rule (1) shall not be required to be calculated finally on completion or first occupation of an RREP which underwent transition of input tax credit consequent to change of rates of tax on 1st April, 2019 in accordance with notification No. 11/2017- Central Tax (Rate), dated the 28th June, 2017, published vide GSR No. 690(E) dated the 28th June, 2017, as amended.
(6) Where any input or input service are used for more than one project, input tax credit with respect to such input or input service shall be assigned to each project on a reasonable basis and credit reversal pertaining to each project shall be carried out as per sub-rule (3).]
Rule 43. Manner of determination of input tax credit in respect of capital goods and reversal thereof in certain cases.-
(1) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (3) of section 16, the input tax credit in respect of capital goods, which attract the provisions of sub-sections (1) and (2) of section 17, being partly used for the purposes of business and partly for other purposes, or partly used for effecting taxable supplies including zero rated supplies and partly for effecting exempt supplies, shall be attributed to the purposes of business or for effecting taxable supplies in the following manner, namely,-
(a) the amount of input tax in respect of capital goods used or intended to be used exclusively for non-business purposes or used or intended to be used exclusively for effecting exempt supplies shall be indicated in FORM GSTR-2 4[and FORM GSTR-3B] and shall not be credited to his electronic credit ledger;
(b) the amount of input tax in respect of capital goods used or intended to be used exclusively for effecting supplies other than exempted supplies but including zerorated supplies shall be indicated in FORM GSTR-2 4[and FORM GSTR-3B] and shall be credited to the electronic credit ledger;
4[Explanation: For the purpose of this clause, it is hereby clarified that in case of supply of services covered by clause (b) of paragraph 5 of the Schedule II of the said Act, the amount of input tax in respect of capital goods used or intended to be used exclusively for effecting supplies other than exempted supplies but including zero rated supplies, shall be zero during the construction phase because capital goods will be commonly used for construction of apartments booked on or before the date of issuance of completion certificate or first occupation of the project, whichever is earlier, and those which are not booked by the said date.]
8[(c) the amount of input tax in respect of capital goods not covered under clauses (a) and (b), denoted as ‘A, being the amount of tax as reflected on the invoice, shall credit directly to the electronic credit ledger and the validity of the useful life of such goods shall extend up to five years from the date of the invoice for such goods:
Provided that where any capital goods earlier covered under clause (a) is subsequently covered under this clause, input tax in respect of such capital goods denoted as ‘A’ shall be credited to the electronic credit ledger subject to the condition that the ineligible credit attributable to the period during which such capital goods were covered by clause (a),denoted as ‘Tie’, shall be calculated at the rate of five percentage points for every quarter or part thereof and added to the output tax liability of the tax period in which such credit is claimed:
Provided further that the amount ‘Tie’ shall be computed separately for input tax credit of central tax, State tax, Union territory tax and integrated tax and declared in FORM GSTR-3B.
Explanation.- An item of capital goods declared under clause (a) on its receipt shall not attract the provisions of sub-section (4) of section 18, if it is subsequently covered under this clause.]
(d) 9[the aggregate of the amounts of ‘A’ credited to the electronic credit ledger under clause (c) in respect of common capital goods whose useful life remains during the tax period, to be denoted as ‘Tc’, shall be the common credit in respect of such capital goods:
Provided that where any capital goods earlier covered under clause (b) are subsequently covered under clause (c), the input tax credit claimed in respect of such capital good(s) shall be added to arrive at the aggregate value ‘Tc’;]
(e) the amount of input tax credit attributable to a tax period on common capital goods during their useful life, be denoted as ‘Tm’ and calculated as-
Tm= Tc÷60
10[Explanation. – For the removal of doubt, it is clarified that useful life of any capital goods shall be considered as five years from the date of invoice and the said formula shall be applicable during the useful life of the said capital goods.]
11[(f) the amount of input tax credit, at the beginning of a tax period, on all common capital goods whose useful life remains during the tax period, be denoted as ‘Tr’ and shall be the aggregate of ‘Tm’ for all such capital goods;]
(g) the amount of common credit attributable towards exempted supplies, be denoted as ‘Te’, and calculated as-
Te= (E÷ F) x Tr
where,
‘E’ is the aggregate value of exempt supplies, made, during the tax period, and
‘F’ is the total turnover 4[in the State] of the registered person during the tax period:
4[Provided that in case of supply of services covered by clause (b) of paragraph 5 of the Schedule II of the Act, the value of “E/F” for a tax period shall be calculated for each project separately, taking value of E and F as under:
E= aggregate carpet area of the apartments, construction of which is exempt from tax plus aggregate carpet area of the apartments, construction of which is not exempt from tax, but are identified by the promoter to be sold after issue of completion certificate or first occupation, whichever is earlier;
F= aggregate carpet area of the apartments in the project;
Explanation1: In the tax period in which the issuance of completion certificate or first occupation of the project takes place, value of E shall also include aggregate carpet area of the apartments, which have not been booked till the date of issuance of completion certificate or first occupation of the project, whichever is earlier.
Explanation 2: Carpet area of apartments, tax on construction of which is paid or payable at the rates specified for items (i), (ia), (ib), (ic) or (id), against serial number 3 of the Table in notification No. 11/2017- Central Tax (Rate), dated the 28th June, 2017 published in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, Section 3, Sub-section (i) dated 28th June, 2017 vide GSR No. 690 (E) dated 28th June, 2017, as amended, shall be taken into account for calculation of value of “E” in view of Explanation (iv) in paragraph 4 of the notification No. 11/2017- Central Tax (Rate), dated the 28th June, 2017 published in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, Section 3, Sub-section (i) dated the 28th June, 2017 vide GSR No. 690 (E) dated 28th June, 2017, as amended.]
5[Provided further] that where the registered person does not have any turnover during the said tax period or the aforesaid information is not available, the value of ‘E/F’ shall be calculated by taking values of ‘E’ and ‘F’ of the last tax period for which the details of such turnover are available, previous to the month during which the said value of ‘E/F’ is to be calculated;
1[Explanation.- For the purposes of this clause, it is hereby clarified that the aggregate value of exempt supplies and the total turnover shall exclude the amount of any duty or tax levied under entry 84 2[and entry 92A] of List I of the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution and entry 51 and 54 of List II of the said Schedule;
(h) the amount Te along with the applicable interest shall, during every tax period of the useful life of the concerned capital goods, be added to the output tax liability of the person making such claim of credit.
4[(i) The amount Te shall be computed separately for input tax credit of central tax, State tax, Union territory tax and integrated tax and declared in FORM GSTR-3B.]
6[(2) In case of supply of services covered by clause (b) of paragraph 5 of schedule II of the Act, the amount of common credit attributable towards exempted supplies (Tefinal) shall be calculated finally for the entire period from the commencement of the project or 1st July, 2017, whichever is later, to the completion or first occupation of the project, whichever is earlier, for each project separately, before the due date for furnishing of the return for the month of September following the end of financial year in which the completion certificate is issued or first occupation takes place of the project, as under:
Tefinal= [(E1 + E2 + E3) /F] x Tcfinal,
Where,-
E1= aggregate carpet area of the apartments, construction of which is exempt from tax
E2= aggregate carpet area of the apartments, supply of which is partly exempt and partly taxable, consequent to change of rates of tax on 1st April, 2019, which shall be calculated as under, –
E2= [Carpet area of such apartments] x [V1/ (V1+V2)],-
Where,-
V1 is the total value of supply of such apartments which was exempt from tax; and
V2 is the total value of supply of such apartments which was taxable
E3 = aggregate carpet area of the apartments, construction of which is not exempt from tax, but have not been booked till the date of issuance of completion certificate or first occupation of the project, whichever is earlier:
F= aggregate carpet area of the apartments in the project;
Tcfinal = aggregate of Afinal in respect of all capital goods used in the project and Afinal for each capital goods shall be calculated as under,
Afinal= A x (number of months for which capital goods is used for the project/ 60)
and,-
(a) where value of Tefinal exceeds the aggregate of amounts of Te determined for each tax period under sub-rule (1), such excess shall be reversed by the registered person in FORM GSTR-3B or through FORM GST DRC-03 in the month not later than the month of September following the end of the financial year in which the completion certificate is issued or first occupation takes place of the project and the said person shall be liable to pay interest on the said excess amount at the rate specified in sub-section (1) of section 50 for the period starting from the first day of April of the succeeding financial year till the date of payment; or
(b) where aggregate of amounts of Te determined for each tax period under sub-rule (1) exceeds Tefinal, such excess amount shall be claimed as credit by the registered person in his return for a month not later than the month of September following the end of the financial year in which the completion certificate is issued or first occupation takes place of the project.
Explanation.- For the purpose of calculation of Tcfinal, part of the month shall be treated as one complete month.
(3) The amount Tefinal and Tcfinal shall be computed separately for input tax credit of central tax, State tax, Union territory tax and integrated tax.
(4) Where any capital goods are used for more than one project, input tax credit with respect to such capital goods shall be assigned to each project on a reasonable basis and credit reversal pertaining to each project shall be carried out as per sub-rule (2).
(5) Where any capital goods used for the project have their useful life remaining on the completion of the project, input tax credit attributable to the remaining life shall be availed in the project in which the capital goods is further used;]
1A[Explanation 7[1]:-For the purposes of rule 42 and this rule, it is hereby clarified that the aggregate value of exempt supplies shall exclude:-
3[(a) the value of supply of services specified in the notification of the Government of India in the Ministry of Finance, Department of Revenue No.42/2017-Integrated Tax (Rate), (S.No.54) dated the 27th October, 2017 published in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, Section 3, Sub-section (i), vide number GSR 1338(E) dated the 27th October, 2017;]
(b) the value of services by way of accepting deposits, extending loans or advances in so far as the consideration is represented by way of interest or discount, except in case of a banking company or a financial institution including a non-banking financial company, engaged in supplying services by way of accepting deposits, extending loans or advances; and
(c) the value of supply of services by way of transportation of goods by a vessel from the customs station of clearance in India to a place outside India.]
12[(d) the value of supply of Duty Credit Scrips specified in the notification of the Government of India, Ministry of Finance, Department of Revenue No. 35/2017-Central Tax (Rate) (S.No.93), dated the 13th October, 2017, published in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, Section 3, Sub-section (i), vide number GSR 1284(E), dated the 13th October, 2017.]
4[Explanation 2: For the purposes of rule 42 and this rule,-
(i) the term “apartment” shall have the same meaning as assigned to it in clause (e) of section 2 of the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (16 of 2016);
(ii) the term “project” shall mean a real estate project or a residential real estate project;
(iii) the term “Real Estate Project (REP)” shall have the same meaning as assigned to it in in clause (zn) of section 2 of the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (16 of 2016);
(iv) the term “Residential Real Estate Project (RREP)” shall mean a REP in which the carpet area of the commercial apartments is not more than 15 per cent. of the total carpet area of all the apartments in the REP;
(v) the term “promoter” shall have the same meaning as assigned to it in in clause (zk) of section 2 of the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (16 of 2016);
(vi) “Residential apartment” shall mean an apartment intended for residential use as declared to the Real Estate Regulatory Authority or to competent authority;
(vii) “Commercial apartment” shall mean an apartment other than a residential apartment;
(viii) the term “competent authority” as mentioned in definition of “residential apartment”, means the local authority or any authority created or established under any law for the time being in force by the Central Government or State Government or Union Territory Government, which exercises authority over land under its jurisdiction, and has powers to give permission for development of such immovable property;
(ix) the term “Real Estate Regulatory Authority” shall mean the Authority established under sub- section (1) of section 20 (1) of the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (No. 16 of 2016) by the Central Government or State Government;
(x) the term “carpet area” shall have the same meaning assigned to it in in clause (k) of section 2 of the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (16 of 2016);
(xi) “an apartment booked on or before the date of issuance of completion certificate or first occupation of the project” shall mean an apartment which meets all the following three conditions, namely-
(a) part of supply of construction of the apartment service has time of supply on or before the said date; and
(b) consideration equal to at least one installment has been credited to the bank account of the registered person on or before the said date; and
(c) an allotment letter or sale agreement or any other similar document evidencing booking of the apartment has been issued on or before the said date.
(xii) The term “ongoing project” shall have the same meaning as assigned to it in notification No. 11/2017- Central Tax (Rate), dated the 28th June, 2017, published vide GSR No. 690(E) dated the 28th June, 2017, as amended;
(xiii) The term “project which commences on or after 1st April, 2019” shall have the same meaning as assigned to it in notification No. 11/2017- Central Tax (Rate), dated the 28th June, 2017, published vide GSR No. 690(E) dated the 28th June, 2017, as amended;]
7. Rule 86A. Conditions of use of amount available in electronic credit ledger.
(1) The Commissioner or an officer authorised by him in this behalf, not below the rank of an Assistant Commissioner, having reasons to believe that credit of input tax available in the electronic credit ledger has been fraudulently availed or is ineligible in as much as
a) the credit of input tax has been availed on the strength of tax invoices or debit notes or any other document prescribed under rule 36–
i. issued by a registered person who has been found non-existent or not to be conducting any business from any place for which registration has been obtained;
or
without receipt of goods or services or both; or
b) the credit of input tax has been availed on the strength of tax invoices or debit notes or any other document prescribed under rule 36in respect of any supply, the tax charged in respect of which has not been paid to the Government; or
c) the registered person availing the credit of input tax has been found non-existent or not to be conducting any business from any place for which registration has been obtained; or
d) the registered person availing any credit of input tax is not in possession of a tax invoice or debit note or any other document prescribed under rule 36,
may, for reasons to be recorded in writing, not allow debit of an amount equivalent to such credit in electronic credit ledger for discharge of any liability under section 49 or for claim of any refund of any unutilised amount.
(2) The Commissioner, or the officer authorised by him under sub-rule (1) may, upon being satisfied that conditions for disallowing debit of electronic credit ledger as above, no longer exist, allow such debit.
(3) Such restriction shall cease to have effect after the expiry of a period of one year from the date of imposing such restriction.]
8. Rule 86B. Restrictions on use of amount available in electronic credit ledger
Notwithstanding anything contained in these rules, the registered person shall not use the amount available in electronic credit ledger to discharge his liability towards output tax in excess of ninety-nine per cent. of such tax liability, in cases where the value of taxable supply other than exempt supply and zero-rated supply, in a month exceeds fifty lakh rupees:
Provided that the said restriction shall not apply where –
(a) the said person or the proprietor or karta or the managing director or any of its two partners, whole-time Directors, Members of Managing Committee of Associations or Board of Trustees, as the case may be, have paid more than one lakh rupees as income tax under the Income-tax Act, 1961 (43 of 1961) in each of the last two financial years for which the time limit to file return of income under subsection (1) of section 139 of the said Act has expired; or
(b) the registered person has received a refund amount of more than one lakh rupees in the preceding financial year on account of unutilised input tax credit under clause (i) of first proviso of subsection (3) of section 54; or
(c) the registered person has received a refund amount of more than one lakh rupees in the preceding financial year on account of unutilised input tax credit under clause (ii) of first proviso of sub-section (3) of section 54; or
(d) the registered person has discharged his liability towards output tax through the electronic cash ledger for an amount which is in excess of 1% of the total output tax liability, applied cumulatively, upto the said month in the current financial year; or
(e) the registered person is –
(i) Government Department; or
(ii) a Public Sector Undertaking; or
(iii) a local authority; or
(iv) a statutory body:
Provided further that the Commissioner or an officer authorised by him in this behalf may remove the said restriction after such verifications and such safeguards as he may deem fit.]
9. Rule 96(10) – Refund of integrated tax paid on goods exported out of India. –
(10) The persons claiming refund of integrated tax paid on exports of goods or services should not have –
(a) received supplies on which the benefit of the Government of India, Ministry of Finance notification No. 48/2017-Central Tax, (S.No.98) dated the 18th October, 2017, published in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, Section 3, Sub-section (i), vide number G.S.R 1305 (E), dated the 18th October, 2017 except so far it relates to receipt of capital goods by such person against Export Promotion Capital Goods Scheme or notification No. 40/2017-Central Tax (Rate), (S.No.104) dated the 23rd October, 2017, published in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, Section 3, Sub-section (i), vide number G.S.R 1320 (E), dated the 23rd October, 2017 or notification No.41/2017-Integrated Tax (Rate), (S.No.53) dated the 23rd October, 2017, published in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, Section 3, Sub-section (i), vide number G.S.R 1321 (E), dated the 23rd October, 2017 has been availed; or
(b) availed the benefit under notification No.78/2017-Customs, dated the 13th October, 2017, published in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, Section 3, Sub-section (i), vide number G.S.R 1272(E), dated the 13th October, 2017 or notification No.79/2017-Customs, dated the 13th October, 2017, published in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, Section 3, Sub-section (i), vide number G.S.R 1299 (E), dated the 13th October, 2017 except so far it relates to receipt of capital goods by such person against Export Promotion Capital Goods Scheme.
Explanation. – For the purpose of this sub-rule, the benefit of the notifications mentioned therein shall not be considered to have been availed only where the registered person has paid Integrated Goods and Services Tax and Compensation Cess on inputs and has availed exemption of only Basic Customs Duty (BCD) under the said notifications.
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