In re The Mobile Wallet Pvt Ltd (GST AAR Maharashtra)
In fact there is one composite supply under GST, provided by the acquiring bank to the merchant establishment for which gross value of consideration is Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) which includes the interchange fee. Hence, the supply of Service of the issuing bank got subsumed into the supply of service of the acquiring bank to make it a composite supply to the merchant establishment. Merchant establishment does not have any contractual liability to pay inter change fee to the issuing bank.
In the instant case, various supply of services from Merchant Establishment/ Acquiring bank/Issuing bank/ network provided to the card holder is a single Composite Supply.
These supply are not provided as independent activities but are the means for successful provision of the principal supply, namely, the swiping of the card for the purchase of goods or services. The contention that a single composite supply should not be broken into its components and classified as separate supply is a well-accepted principle. Therefore, it is a settled position of law that interchange fee earned by the issuing bank’ forming integral part of supply of service of ‘acquiring bank’ to the merchant establishment, and therefore should not be taxed again with 18% GST.
In the present circumstances, the modus operadi goes against the basic principles of GST of seamless flow of credit and double taxation on the same transaction. In this instant case Acquiring bank is paying GST to Government which he is collected from merchant.
Issuing bank calculating the GST by reverse charge method and paying the GST to Government.
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Question: 1) Whether the portion of the Merchant Discount Rate received by the issuing Bank as interchange Fee’ is liable to tax under the under the Goods and services Tax ?
Question: 2) why different practice prevails by the Network in the industry?
We find from the statement of facts pertaining to first question Merchant Discount Rate is the rate charged by Acquiring bank from Merchant on every card transaction. This MDR is as per agreement between Acquiring Bank and Merchant Establishment. From a perusal of transaction it is clear that applicant is neither a supplier nor a recipient and the questions raised is not in relation to the supply of goods or services or both, being undertaken or proposed lo be undertaken by the applicant and as such by virtue of section 95 the applicant cannot maintain application before this authority.
With respect to question No. 2 above, we clearly find that the question is not on matter or questions specified in Section 97(2) of the Act and as such is inadmissible under section 97(2) of the Act.
FULL TEXT OF ORDER OF AUTHORITY OF ADVANCE RULING, MAHARASHTRA
1. The present application has been filed under section 97 of the Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017 and the Maharashtra Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017 [hereinafter referred to “the CGST Act and MGST Act”] by The Mobile Wallet Pvt. Ltd., the applicant, seeking an advance ruling in respect of the following questions:
1) Whether the portion of the Merchant Discount Rate received by the issuing Bank as ‘Interchange Fee’ is liable to tax under the Goods and Services Tax?
2) Why different practice prevails by the Network in the industry ?
02. FACTS AND CONTENTION – AS PER THE APPLICANT
1) Statements of relevant facts having a bearing on the questions raised-
1) “The Mobile Wallet Private Limited” (hereunder referred as Applicant) registered with the Registrar of Companies Vide Registration No. U67190MH2015PTC267015, having a corporate office at 3rd Floor, Tower 3, Equinox Business Park, LBS Marg, Kuria (West), Mumbai – 400070.
2) The applicant has obtained registration and holding valid registration certificate issued under Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017.
3) The applicant is in the business of issuance and operation of Pre-paid Payment instruments as per RBI guidelines. Pre-paid Payment Instrument includes mobile wallet and Pre-paid Card.
4) The applicant company has entered into an agreement dated 16th Jan 2018 with the Federal Bank Ltd having a registered Office at Federal Towers, Aluva-683101, Kerala. Applicant s issuing and operating Pre-paid Payment instruments as Business Correspondent (BC) of Federal Bank. As part of BC arrangement, Applicant has launched Co-branded Pre-paid Cards in India with Federal Bank powered by MasterCard.
Definitions: 1) Merchant Discount Rate (MDR):- Rate charged by Acquiring Bank from Merchant on every Card transaction. This is as per agreement between Acquiring Bank and Merchant Establishment. GST is separately charged by Acquiring Bank from Merchant on MDR.
2) Interchange Fee: – Standard Rate as decided by Network as per card type which is payable to issuing bank for each successful transaction. This is charged to acquiring bank.
3) Network – Provides the payment infrastructure. Both issuing and acquiring banks are its Members. (VISA, MasterCard/ Rupay etc.) are referred to as Network.
The nature of transaction arising out of the use of the Debit/Credit/Pre-Paid card is as follows. There are six persons involved in a Debit/Credit/Pre-Paid card transaction, namely:
1. Card holder: The person possessing and using the card.
2. Issuing bank: The Bank issuing the card to its customer viz. the card holder
3. Network: Provides the payment infrastructure and issuing/acquiring banks are its members (VISA/ MasterCard/ Rupay etc.)
4. Merchant Establishment: The vendor of goods or service who accepts the card in lieu of cash payment from the card holder:
5. Acquiring bank: Provides payment processing services to Merchant Establishments by entering into a separate agreement with the merchant and placing a swipe machine at merchant outlet or provide Payment Gateway services for online transactions.
6. Business Correspondent (BC): The Applicant is issuing and operating Pre-paid Payments instruments as Business Correspondent (BC) of Federal Bank. As part of BC arrangement, Applicant has launched Co-branded Pre-paid Cards in India with Federal Bank powered by master ard.
Interchange Fee is the subject matter of the dispute is earned by Issuing Bank:
The flow of business transaction can be explained in a detail as under
1) The card holder does a purchase at the merchant establishment (online or offline) and make payment by swiping his/her debit / credit/pre-paid card on Point of Sale (POS) machine placed by Acquiring bank in case of card present transaction or by entering his / her card details in Payment Gateway (PG) provided by Acquiring Bank in case of Card not present transaction. The card holder need to validate the transaction by ATM PIN (in case of Card present) or by OTP on registered mobile in case of Card not present).
In case of Card present transaction, card is swiped on electronic equipment known as Point of Sale’ terminal at the Merchant Establishment for charging the card holder for purchase of goods or services. Such terminals are provided by the ‘Acquiring Bank’ to the Merchant Establishments which enables validation and acceptance of payment by Debit/Credit/Pre-Paid card.
In case of Card not present transaction, card details are entered in online Payment Gateway (PG) of concerned the Merchant Establishment for charging the card holder for purchase of goods or services. Such PG services are provided by the ‘Acquiring Bank’ to the Merchant Establishments which enables validation and acceptance of payment by Debit/Credit/Pre-Paid card.
2. The moment card holder swipes the card or enter Card details in PG at Merchant Establishment with amount to be debited, information is transmitted to the Issuing Bank with the help of settlement platform of the Network. The information regarding authenticity of the card holder and amount confirmation is then sent back to the Merchant Establishment by the Network
3. The VISA/ MasterCard/Rupay/AMEX network generates reports for merchant settlement a d sends the same to concerned Acquiring Bank who pays the merchant after deducting MDR acid applicable GST on MDR.
4. A settlement report is sent to the Issuing Bank for reimbursement to the Acquiring bank by Network (VISA/ MasterCard / Rupay/ AMEX)
5.Out of MDR earned by the Acquiring bank in (3) above, Interchange fees is paid by Acquir Bank to Issuing Bank as per settlement file received from concerned Network i. VISA/ MasterCard/ Rupay/ AMEX.
6) Issuing bank accounts for the transaction for recovery from the cardholder and sends cardholder a monthly statement.
Now in the above process:
1) Issuing Bank, Acquiring Bank and the Network play their respective roles to ensure that a transaction is undertaken between the card holder and the Merchant Establishment. Five parties are directly involved in this transaction.
2. Acquiring Bank makes payment to Merchant Establishment for the goods and services purchased by the cardholder after deducting a fee known as the ‘Merchant Discount Fee’ and applicable GST on Merchant Discount Fee. The quantum of Merchant Discount Fee is contractually pre-agreed between Acquiring Bank and Merchant Establishment. It is gross amount of consideration received towards the support service provided by the Acquiring Bank which includes the service element of Issuing Bank Acquiring Bank share part of this ‘Merchant Discount Fee’ with issuing bank as Interchange Fee.
3) Issuing Bank collects the payment for the purchase transaction from the card holder and makes the payment to the Acquiring Bank after deducting part of the Merchant Service Fee charged by Acquiring Bank in the form of Interchange Fee.
4. Futher, Issuing bank pays pre-agreed fees to the Network and discharge the GST tax liability on the same under reverse mechanism.
5. The Merchant Discount Fee which is the gross amount received by acquiring bank from a Merchant Establishment towards the support service is subjected to GST @18 % falling under the category of financial services.
Let us elaborate with an Example:
Transaction Amount: – Rs 10,000 online MDR payable by Merchant to Acquirer – 1.80% plus GST. Interchange Rate to issuing bank: – 1.60% on MASTER Pre-paid Card for online transaction Interchange Fee Sharing- 85%: 15% between Applicant TMW and Issuing Bank
1. Merchant Settlement by Acquirer
