Section 194-IB of the Income Tax Act requires every Individual or Hindu Undivided Family (HUF), whose turnover or gross receipts in the preceding financial year do not exceed ₹1 crore for business or ₹50 lakhs for a profession, to deduct tax at source (TDS) from rent payments exceeding ₹50,000 per month or part thereof. The provision applies even if the individual is not carrying on any business or profession. The TDS is to be deducted at the rate of 2%, without adding surcharge or cess, and if the payee fails to provide a PAN, a higher rate of 20% under Section 206AA applies. Notably, the deductor is not required to obtain a TAN, and can instead use their PAN for compliance. The term “rent” covers payments under any lease, sub-lease, tenancy, or similar arrangement for the use of land, building, or both, and applies only to payments made to residents. In cases involving non-residents, Section 195 becomes applicable.
TDS under this section must be deducted at the time of payment or credit for the last month of the financial year if the tenancy continues till year-end, or the last month of tenancy if vacated earlier. Once deducted, the amount must be deposited with the Central Government through Form 26QC within 30 days from the last day of the month in which deduction was made. The deductor must furnish a challan-cum-statement in Form 26QC electronically and issue a TDS certificate in Form 16C to the payee within 15 days of filing the statement. Exemptions from deduction are allowed for payments made to the Government, RBI, corporations exempt from income tax, or mutual funds specified under Section 10(23D).
Failure to deduct or deposit tax on time results in interest under Section 201 — 1% per month for delay in deduction and 1.5% per month for delay in deposit. Penalties may apply under Sections 271C, 221, and prosecution under Section 276B unless reasonable cause is proven. Delay in furnishing the TDS statement attracts a fee of ₹200 per day under Section 234E and penalties up to ₹1,00,000 under Section 271H. Similarly, non-issuance of TDS certificates invites a penalty of ₹500 per day under Section 272A. Hence, timely deduction, payment, and reporting are crucial to avoid penal consequences under Section 194-IB.
TDS on Rent by Certain Individual or HUF
Section 194-IB provides that every Individual and HUF, whose turnover or gross receipt from business or profession doesn’t exceed Rs. 1 crore in case of business and Rs. 50 lakhs in case of a profession in the immediately preceding financial year, shall deduct tax from the payment of rent for use of any land or building or both. The tax shall be deducted at the rate of 2% if the rent paid or payable exceeds Rs. 50,000 per month or part of the month.
Deductor
Every Individual or HUF shall be required to deduct tax at source under this provision if his gross receipts or turnover in the financial year immediately preceding the financial year, in which rent is paid or credited, does not exceed Rs. 1 crore in the case of business and Rs. 50 lakhs in case of a profession.
The tax shall be deducted under this provision even if the individual is not engaged in any business or profession and he is just earning salary or any other income.
Further, there is no requirement to apply or obtain Tax Deduction or Collection Account Number (TAN) for deducting tax under this section. Hence, a deductor can use his PAN in place of TAN.
Rent means any payment under any lease, sub-lease, tenancy, or any other agreement or arrangement for use of any land or building or both.
Deductee
Tax is required to be deducted only if the rent is paid or payable to a person who is resident in
India. The tax shall be deducted under Section 195 if the sum is payable to a non-resident.
Time of Deduction
If tenancy subsists till the last month of the year
The tax shall be deducted at the time of payment or credit of rent to the account of the payee for the last month of the financial year, whichever happens earlier.
If the property is vacated during the year
If the property is vacated during the year, tax shall be deducted at the time of payment or credit of rent to the account of the payee for the last month of tenancy, whichever happens earlier.
Rate of TDS and threshold limit
The tax shall be deducted at the rate of 2% if the amount of rent exceeds Rs. 50,000 for a
month or part of the month during the financial year.
The rate shall not be further increased by Surcharge and Health & Education Cess. If the deductee does not furnish his PAN to the deductor, the tax shall be deducted at the rate of 20% under Section 206AA. In such a case, the amount of TDS cannot exceed the amount of rent payable for the last month of the year or the last month of the tenancy, as the case may be.
Exemption from TDS
No tax is required to be deducted from any sum paid or payable to the following:
a) The Government
b) The Reserve Bank of India
c) Corporation established by or under a Central Act which is, under any law for the time being in force, exempt from income tax on its income
d) Mutual Fund specified under Section 10(23D); or
Deposit of TDS
Tax deducted under this provision is required to be deposited to the credit of the Central Government through Form 26QC within 30 days from the last day of the month in which the tax was deducted.
Filing of TDS statement
The person responsible for the deduction of tax at source under this provision is required to furnish a challan-cum-statement in Form 26QC electronically.
TDS Certificate
The deductor shall issue a TDS certificate to the assessee in Form No. 16C within 15 days from the due date of furnishing of the TDS statement.
Consequences for failure to deduct or deposit tax
Where any person responsible for deducting tax at source fails to deduct tax or after deducting fails to deposit the same, he shall be treated as assessee-in-default. In that case, interest under section 201 will be applicable.
If the deductor fails to deduct TDS, interest at the rate of 1% per month or part of the month shall be applicable, till such failure continues. Interest shall be calculated from the date when such tax was required to be deducted till the date such tax is actually deducted.
Further, if the deductor after having deducted the tax, fails to deposit the same to the credit of the Central Government, interest at the rate of 1.5% per month or part thereof shall be applicable till such failure continues. The interest computation shall commence from the date on which the tax was deducted and end with the date when such tax was deposited to the government.
Penalty and Prosecution
Failure to comply with the provisions of deduction of tax at source under this provision may result in penalties and prosecution as per the following provisions:
(a) If a person fails to deduct tax at source, he shall be liable for payment of penalty under Section 271C;
(b) If a person deducts tax but fails to deposit the same to the credit of the Central Government, he shall be liable for the penalty under Section 221 and prosecution under Section 276B.
However, no person shall be punishable under Section 276B if he proves that there was reasonable cause for the failure. Further, a person can also file an application for compounding of offence.
Consequences for failure to furnish TDS Statement
Where any person fails to furnish a TDS statement, section 234E shall be applicable, wherein the deductor is liable to pay fees at the rate of Rs. 200 per day during such default continues. However, such fees should not exceed the amount of TDS.
Moreover, he shall be liable for penalties under sections 271H of Rs. 10,000 which can be extended to Rs. 100,000, and 272A of Rs. 500 for every day during which failure continues.
Consequences for failure to issue TDS Certificates
Where any person, responsible for issuing TDS Certificates, fails to issue such certificates, a penalty under section 272A shall be applicable of Rs. 500 for every day during which failure continues.
MCQs on TDS from sum paid to buy an immovable property
Q1. The tax under section 194-IB shall be deducted if the rent paid or payable exceeds ________ per month or part of the month.
Ans:- (a) 50,000
(b) 40,000
(c) 20,000
(d) 15,000
Correct answer – (a)
Explanation: The tax under section 194-IB shall be deducted if the rent paid or payable exceeds Rs. 50,000 per month or part of the month.
Q2. What is the tax rate for the deduction of tax under section 194-IB?
Ans:- (a) 2%
(b) 10%
(c) 1%
(d) 1%
Correct answer – (a)
Explanation: The tax shall be deducted at the rate of 2% under section 194-IB if the rent paid or payable exceeds Rs. 50,000 per month or part of the month.
Q3. TAN is not required for the tax deduction under section 194-IB.
Ans:- (a) True
(b) False
Correct answer – (a)
Explanation: There is no requirement to apply or obtain a Tax Deduction or Collection Account Number (TAN) for deducting tax under section 194-IB. Hence, a deductor can use his PAN in place of TAN.
Q4. Which of the following TDS return is required to be furnished if tax is deducted under section 194-IB?
Ans:- (a) 26Q
(b) 26QB
(c) 27Q
(d) 26QC
Correct answer – (d)
Explanation: The person responsible for the deduction of tax at source under section 194-IB is required to furnish a challan-cum-statement in Form 26QC electronically.
Q5. Tax deducted under section 194-IB is required to be deposited to the credit of the Central Government through Form 26QC within___________ from the last day of the month in which the tax was deducted.
Ans:- (a) 15 days
(b) 30 days
(c) 7 days
(d) 10 days
Correct answer – (b)
Explanation: Tax deducted under section 194-IB is required to be deposited to the credit of the Central Government through Form 26QC within 30 days from the last day of the month in which the tax was deducted.
Q6. Which form is required to be issued as a TDS certificate if tax is deducted under section 194-IB?
Ans:- (a) 16A
(b) 16B
(c) 16C
(d) 16D
Correct answer – (c)
Explanation: The deductor shall issue a TDS certificate to the assessee in Form No. 16C within 15 days from the due date of furnishing of the TDS statement.
