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Notification No. 44/2012-Income Tax In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (2) of section 54, sub-section (2) of section 54B sub-section (2) of section 54D sub-section (4) of section 54F sub-section (2) of section 54G and sub-section (2) of section 54GB of the Income-tax Act, 1961 (43 of 1961), the Central Government hereby makes the following Scheme to amend the Capital Gains Account Scheme, 1988, namely:-
It has also been argued that under the provisions of tenancy agreement, assessee had right to bequeath the flat, sub-let/lease it and was also entitled to raise loan against the flat. The assessee had also right to make alteration in the flat and therefore, considering these factors and also the fact that the lease was perpetual, the assessee had to be considered as owner of the flat, entitled to exemption under section 54.
On a plain reading of the statutory provisions of section 54, it is clear that an agreement for sale or an agreement to sell itself does not create any interest or charge in such property. Mulla on ‘Transfer of Property Act’ clearly states that section 54 enacts that an agreement for the sale of land does not itself create an interest in land.
In the present case, the assessee was allotted two flats on two different stories which he claimed as eligible for exemption u/s 54. Admittedly there is no unity of construction between such flats. The Special Bench of the Tribunal in the case of Sushila M. Jhaveri (supra) has categorically held that the exemption u/s 54 is available only in respect of one house and not more than one.
The assessee’s claim of exemption u/s 54 is devoid of merits as the concept of mutuality has not been extended to the assessee besides the constructed houses or the properties of the respective members cannot be deemed to be purchased or construction of the houses belonging to the society. In view thereof, the claim u/s 54 has been rightly denied by AO and CIT(A).
Where the capital asset became the property of the assessee by succession, inheritance or devaluation, the cost of acquisition of asset shall be deemed to be the cost for which the previous owner of the property acquired it, as increased by the cost of any improvement of the assets incurred or borne by the previous owner or the assessee, as the case may be. In the case before us, the assessee became owner of property by inheritance.
Whether the exemption u/s 54 will be available, in case, capital gain arising from sale of more than one residential house, is invested in one residential house. The ld. counsel appearing for the assessee argued that there was no restriction under section 54 that capital gain arising from two residential houses cannot be invested in one residential house. We find substance in the argument advanced by the Id. counsel for the assessee.
ACIT v. Subhash Sevaram Bhavnani Assessee sold his residential house on consideration of sum of Rs. 35,00,000/- on 03.11.2007 and has spent a sum of Rs. 30,44,695/- on purchase of plot and on construction of a residential house thereon. The construction of this residential house was completed in the month of March, 2008. Since the construction was completed within three years of transfer of capital asset, the ratio as laid down in the case of Subramaniya Bhat (supra) is applicable to the facts of this case as it has been clearly held in that case that for claiming deduction u/s 54, the construction of the house should be completed within the prescribed time limit and date of commencement of construction is not material for claiming deduction.
In this case, the assessee had exchanged old flat with new flat to be constructed by the builder under development agreement which amounts to transfer under section 2(47) of the Act. Thus, the only other condition which is required to be satisfied is that assessee either purchases a new residential flat within the prescribed limit or constructs a new residential flat within a period of 3 years from the date of transfer.
In the instant case, in order to examine the entitlement of the assessee for exemption under section 54, it is to be seen whether the assessee had constructed residential house within three years of the transfer of his property. For doing so, the meaning of the term ‘house’ is to be explored. The term ‘house’ has not been given any statutory definition and, thus, has to be assigned meaning as understood in common parlance. As per dictionary, it means abode, a dwelling place or building for human habitation. A building, in order to be habitable by a human being, is ordinarily required to have minimum facilities of washroom, kitchen, electricity, sewerage, etc.
