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Supreme Court held that a complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act cannot be transferred as per convenience of accused. However, as petitioner is a woman and a senior citizen. Therefore, she can always seek exemption from personal appearance.
In present facts of the case, the Hon’ble Supreme Court while dismissing the appeals held that the offence under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act 1881 would not be committed if the drawer of the cheque pays a part or whole of the sum between the period when the cheque is drawn and when it is encashed upon maturity, then the legally enforceable debt on the date of maturity would not be the sum represented on the cheque; and when a part or whole of the sum represented on the cheque is paid by the drawer of the cheque, it must be endorsed on the cheque as prescribed in Section 56 of the Act. If the cheque that is endorsed is dishonoured when it is sought to be encashed upon maturity, then the offence under Section 138 will stand attracted
Vicarious liability can be fastened on those who were incharge of and responsible to the company or firm for the conduct of its business. Supreme Court observed that a High Court can quash a cheque case only if it comes across some unimpeachable and incontrovertible evidence to indicate that the Director/partner of a firm could not have been concerned with the issuance of cheques.
Kerala High Court held that in an offence u/s. 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, when the Court imposes imprisonment and fine, fine forms part of the sentence hence the court has to order payment of compensation from the amount of fine as provided under Section 357(1)(b) of CrPC.
As per proviso to section 142(c) of NI Act, Cheque Bounce/Dishonour complaint should be filed within one month after drawer of cheque received notice
In cheque Bounce case arraigning of the sole proprietary concern rather was a condition precedent for making the complaint well constituted, as it becomes the principal offender, and, with its remaining un-impleaded, as such, the absence of its impleadment cannot make the instant complaint to be well constituted, nor, any valid prosecution can in its absence, be drawn, even against the accused petitioner, who can be assigned only a vicarious liability alongwith it.
Court, while exercising power under Section 147 of Negotiable Instruments Act, can proceed to compound offence even after recording of conviction by courts below.
Petitioner filed instant petition under Section 482 of Cr. P. C challenging four complaints filed by respondent against him alleging commission of offences under Section 138 of Negotiable Instruments Act. These four complaints pertain to four different cheques.
A drawer who signs a cheque and hands it over to the payee, is presumed to be liable unless the drawer adduces evidence to rebut the presumption that the cheque has been issued towards payment of a debt or in discharge of a liability. The presumption arises under Section 139.
Held that provisions contained in Section 138 of the NI Act is to be interpreted in a liberal manner so as to achieve the object for which the said provision has been enacted. Thus, dishonor of cheque due to difference in signatures is also covered under section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act
