Case Law Details
Bank of India Vs Vinod Kumar P. Ambavat (NCLAT Delhi)
NCLAT Delhi held that once One Time Settlement is failed and CIRP is initiated, the amount lying in the ‘no lien account’ belongs to the ‘Corporate Debtor’.
Facts-
This Appeal arises out of the Impugned Order dated 19.01.2021, passed by the Learned Adjudicating Authority (National Company Law Tribunal, Ahmedabad Bench, Ahmedabad), in IA 653/2020 in C.P. (IB) No.- 272/NCLT/AHM/2019, wherein the Adjudicating Authority has allowed the Interim Application preferred by the Resolution Professional (‘RP’) seeking a direction to Bank of India/the Appellant herein to release an amount of Rs. 100Lakhs/- held in the ‘no lien account’ for the purpose of CIRP of the ‘Corporate Debtor’.
Conclusion-
Held that once the CIRP was initiated, keeping in view that the OTS had failed, the amount lying in the ‘no lien account’ belongs to the ‘Corporate Debtor’ and under Section 18(f) of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, (hereinafter referred to as ‘The Code’), the IRP/RP is obligated to take control and custody of all the assets and properties of the ‘Corporate Debtor’. Further, the Bank could not have appropriated this money once the period of Moratorium has commenced on 26.11.2019.
FULL TEXT OF THE NCLAT JUDGMENT/ORDER
1. This Appeal arises out of the Impugned Order dated 19.01.2021, passed by the Learned Adjudicating Authority (National Company Law Tribunal, Ahmedabad Bench, Ahmedabad), in IA 653/2020 in C.P. (IB) No.- 272/NCLT/AHM/2019, wherein the Adjudicating Authority has allowed the Interim Application preferred by the Resolution Professional (‘RP’) seeking a direction to Bank of India/the Appellant herein to release an amount of Rs. 100Lakhs/- held in the ‘no lien account’ for the purpose of CIRP of the ‘Corporate Debtor Company’/‘M/s. Actif Corporation Limited’. The Adjudicating Authority allowed the application observing as follows:
“11. Gone through the application and the reply. It is noted that the Corporate SDebtor, to show their commitment and banafide towards reolution plan (i.e., one time settlement proposal) has furnished a Cheque for Rs. 1 Crore to the Respondent/bank on 12.07.2017 along with a letter with a request to keep the poceeds in “No Lien Account” and instructed that the said amount may be adjusted/utilized upon approval of resolution plan (i.e., one time settlement), however, in any case, it should not be adjusted towards interest/other charges/principal till then. The company is committed to bring the balance amount to the extent of 10% as per their commitment once approval is accorded by the lead bank.
12. Before the date of commencemnt of CIRP, the responden tbank has not adjusted this amount in the loan account of the corporate debtor, whereas it has kept the same in a separate account as instructed by the corporate debtor. It shows that the bank has agreed for no lien to this amount till OTS proposal is approved by the bank. Hence, on initiation of CIRP, the amount kept in a separate account as ‘No lien Account’ by the respondent bank is the asset of the corporte debtor and the RP has to deal with the same as per the provisions of the IB Code.”
2. Learned Counsel for the Appellant/Bank of India argued that this amount of Rs. 1Crore/- admittedly has came for a third party viz. M/s. Avazy Realcom Private Limited and is not recorded in the Balance Sheet as an asset. The Adjudicating Authority without examining the Balance Sheet arbitrarily came to the conclusion that Rs. 1Crore/- forms an asset of the ‘Corporate Debtor’. The explanation to Section 18(f) provides that assets shall not include assets owned by a third party in possession of the ‘Corporate Debtor’ held under trust or under contractual arrangement including bailment. The ‘Corporate Debtor’ has not shown under what capacity this amount Rs. 1Crore/- was received from M/s. Avazy Realcom Private Limited and if it is under some contractual arrangement then it would not be an asset of the ‘Corporate Debtor’. It is submitted that ‘Bankers Lien’ over money held in a customer’s account is a Statutory Right. The amount of Rs. 1Crore/- was paid for showing the bona fide of the ‘Corporate Debtor’ in pursuant to a Settlement Proposal. This amount was delinked from the proposal and was supposed to be put into a ‘no lien account’, which is not an account of the ‘Corporate Debtor’, but an account of the Bank itself. This amount of Rs. 1Crore/- was paid against the 5% amount of the proposed One Time Settlement (‘OTS’) Account by a third party M/s. Avazy Realcom Private Limited. As the Settlement failed, the amount was not appropriated and the amount individually became an asset of the Bank.
3. Learned Counsel for the Appellant further submitted that owing to the conduct and the inability of the RP to discharge his duties, the Appellant chose his replacement vide I.A. No. 522/2020 which was disposed of on 10.202 1. It is summitted that the Appellant challenged the Order on the grounds that Adjudicating Authority failed to appreciate that the related parties have been admitted as Unsecured Creditors thereby changing the composition of the COC.
4. Learned Counsel for the Respondent/RP submitted that the ‘Corporate Debtor’ and the Appellant Bank were discussing OTS terms, when the ‘Corporate Debtor’ to show his bona fide deposited an amount of Rs. 1 Crore/ – on 15.07.2017. CIRP was initiated on 26.11.2019. During the third CoC Meeting on 08.09.2020, the RP appraised the Members that an amount of Rs. 1Crore/- was lying in a ‘no lien account’ of ‘Corporate Debtor’. Despite repeated requests by the RP, the Appellant Bank did not release the said amount and hence the RP filed IA 653/2020 seeking directions to release the said amount. It is argued that the amount lying in the ‘no lien account’ is not owned by the Bank. The condition precedent for the amount to be considered as property of the Bank was the approval of the OTS/Resolution Plan. However, in the absence of the OTS/Resolution Plan being approved, the Bank had no right on the said money. The amount of Rs. 1Crore/- was paid at the behest of the ‘Corporate Debtor’ and hence the same is to be treated as the property of the ‘Corporate Debtor’. The Appellant Bank itself admits that the amount was paid by the ‘Corporate Debtor’ through another Company to show their bona fide towards OTS. The purpose of the ‘no lien account’ is to avoid realisation of funds lying in such an account and therefore the Bank has no right over such money as the same was deposited with a specific understanding that the said money shall not be utilised by the Bank until approval of the OTS. The Learned Counsel relied on the Judgement of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in ‘Kut Energy Private Limited & Ors.’ Vs. ‘Authorised Officer, Punjab National Bank, Large Corporate Branch, Ludhiana & Ors.’, (2019) SCC OnLine SC 1057, wherein the Hon’ble Supreme Court has held as under:
“11. In the present case the deposit of Rs. 40 crores in terms of the order of the Hogh Court on 11.10.2017 was only to show the bona fides of the appellants when a revised offer was made by them. The deposit was not towards satisfaction of the debt in question and the at is precisely why the High Court had directed that the deposit would be treated to be a deposit in the Registry of the High Court.
12. Going by the law laid down by this Court in Axis Bank the ‘secured creditor’ would be entitled to proceed only against the ‘secured assets’ mentioned in the notice under Section 13(2) of the SARFAESI Act. In that case, the deposit was made to amintain an appeal before the DRAT and it was specifically held that the amount representing such deposit was neither a ‘secured asset’ nor a ‘secured debt’ which could be proceeded against and that the appellant before DRAT was entitled to refund of the amount so The submission that the bank had general lien over such deposit in terms of Section 171 of the Contract Act, 1872 was rejected as the money was not with the bank but with the DRAT. In the instant case also, the money was expressly to be treated to be with the Registry of the High Court.
13. On the strength of the law laid down by this Court in Axis Bank, in our view, the appellants are entitled to withdraw the sum deposited by them in terms of said order dated 11.10.2017. Their entitlement having been established, the claim of the appellants cannot be negated by any direction that the money may contrinute to be in deposit with the Bank.”
5. It is contended that the ‘Claim’ of the Bank that money lying in ‘no lien account’ of the ‘Corporate Debtor’ are assets of the Bank, is baseless.
6. Heart both sides at length.
7. The brief point that falls for consideration in this Appeal is whether the amount of Rs. 1Crore/- lying in the ‘no lien account’ belongs to the Appellant Bank. At the outset, it is relevant to note that this amount was admittedly paid by the ‘Corporate Debtor’ pursuant to an OTS Proposal on 15.07.2017 to show its bona fide. It is not in dispute that the OTS, as proposed, did not materialise and the amount of Rs. 1Crore/- was parked in the ‘no lien account’ maintained with the Bank. CIRP was initiated on 26.11.2019. Despite repeated requests of the RP, the Appellant Bank did not release the said amount. At this juncture, it is relevant to reproduce the letter dated 12.07.20 17, addressed by the ‘Corporate Debtor’ to the Bank enclosing the check of Rs. 1Crore/- stating as follows:
8. From the aforenoted letter, it is clear that the said amount was to be adjusted/utilised upon approval of the Resolution Plan and was not to be adjusted towards ‘Interest’ or ‘Principal’ till then. Prior to the commencement of CIRP, this amount was not adjusted by the Bank towards the loan account of Bank as the OTS Proposal had failed. Once the CIRP was initiated, keeping in view that the OTS had failed, the amount lying in the ‘no lien account’ belongs to the ‘Corporate Debtor’ and under Section 18(f) of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, (hereinafter referred to as ‘The Code’), the IRP/RP is obligated to take control and custody of all the assets and properties of the ‘Corporate Debtor’. Further, the Bank could not have appropriated this money once the period of Moratorium has commenced on 26.11.2019. As per Section 3(27), ‘Property’ includes money and therefore RP’s action of claiming the money lying in the ‘no lien account’ of the ‘Corporate Debtor’ is within the provisions of Section 18(f) of the Code. The contention of the Learned Counsel for the Appellant Bank that the Bankers lien over the money held in a customer’s account is a Statutory Right, is unable, keeping in view the facts of the attendant case and also that CIRP had commenced on 26.11.2019, and having regard to the fact that the amount was deposited with a specific understanding that the amount shall not be used by the Bank until approval of OTS. Admittedly, the said amount was paid at the behest of the ‘Corporate Debtor’ by a third party and it was lying with the Bank for more than five years.
9. The submission of the Learned Counsel for the Appellant that an Appeal against IA 522/2020 was also preferred regarding the conduct of the RP is of no relevance to the facts of this case and therefore we do not consider it fit to make any observations regarding that issue.
10. For all the aforenoted reasons, we are of the considered view that there is no illegality or infirmity in the Order of the Adjudicating Authority and therefore this Appeal fails and is accordingly dismissed. No order as to costs.
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