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Section 54 and 54F apply under different situations. While sec. 54 applies to long term capital gain arising out of transfer of long term capital asset being a residential house, sec. 54F applies to long term capital gain arising out of transfer of any long term capital asset other than a residential house. However the condition for availing exemption under both the sections is purchase or construction of a new residential house within the stipulated period.
As held in D. Ananda Basappa’s case (1 supra) by the Karnataka High Court, the expression a residential house in Section 54 (1) of the Act has to be understood in a sense that the building should be of residential nature and a should not be understood to indicate a singular number
Sometime back, a query was raised whether the benefit of exemption under sections 54 and 54F of the Income-Tax Act, 1961 (the Act), in respect of long-term capital gains, on account of investment of such capital gains in the purchase / construction of a residential house in a foreign country, is available to an assessee, being a non-resident Indian.
In the instant case, the assessee has purchased the property jointly with her husband. She has invested the money in rural bonds jointly with her husband. It is nobody’s case that her husband contributed any portion of the consideration for acquisition of the property as well as bonds. The source for acquisition of the property and the bonds is the sale consideration. It is not in dispute. Once the sale consideration is utilized for the purpose mentioned under sections 54 and 54EC, the assessee is entitled to the benefit of those provision.
Notification No. 44/2012-Income Tax In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (2) of section 54, sub-section (2) of section 54B sub-section (2) of section 54D sub-section (4) of section 54F sub-section (2) of section 54G and sub-section (2) of section 54GB of the Income-tax Act, 1961 (43 of 1961), the Central Government hereby makes the following Scheme to amend the Capital Gains Account Scheme, 1988, namely:-
It has also been argued that under the provisions of tenancy agreement, assessee had right to bequeath the flat, sub-let/lease it and was also entitled to raise loan against the flat. The assessee had also right to make alteration in the flat and therefore, considering these factors and also the fact that the lease was perpetual, the assessee had to be considered as owner of the flat, entitled to exemption under section 54.
On a plain reading of the statutory provisions of section 54, it is clear that an agreement for sale or an agreement to sell itself does not create any interest or charge in such property. Mulla on ‘Transfer of Property Act’ clearly states that section 54 enacts that an agreement for the sale of land does not itself create an interest in land.
In the present case, the assessee was allotted two flats on two different stories which he claimed as eligible for exemption u/s 54. Admittedly there is no unity of construction between such flats. The Special Bench of the Tribunal in the case of Sushila M. Jhaveri (supra) has categorically held that the exemption u/s 54 is available only in respect of one house and not more than one.
The assessee’s claim of exemption u/s 54 is devoid of merits as the concept of mutuality has not been extended to the assessee besides the constructed houses or the properties of the respective members cannot be deemed to be purchased or construction of the houses belonging to the society. In view thereof, the claim u/s 54 has been rightly denied by AO and CIT(A).
Where the capital asset became the property of the assessee by succession, inheritance or devaluation, the cost of acquisition of asset shall be deemed to be the cost for which the previous owner of the property acquired it, as increased by the cost of any improvement of the assets incurred or borne by the previous owner or the assessee, as the case may be. In the case before us, the assessee became owner of property by inheritance.
