Legal Aspects for Appointment of subsequent Statutory Auditors & filling of Casual Vacancy in a Private Limited Company and Procedure

Legal Aspects for Appointment of subsequent Statutory Auditors and filling of Casual Vacancy in a Private Limited Company and Procedure

Introduction

This article is in continuation to my previous article titled as ‘Legal Aspects for Appointment of First Statutory Auditors in a Private Company and Procedure‘ which was published on 13^th January, 2023 (link of which you will get at the end of this article).

In this article we will walk through the legal provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 (Act) and practical aspects to be taken care of in the process of appointment of subsequent Statutory Auditors and filling casual vacancy in a Private Limited Company to ascertain that the financial statements are free from material mis-statements and present a true and fair view of the Company’s financial position to various stakeholders like shareholders, creditors, government authorities, vendors, suppliers, loyal customers etc.

“Subsequent Auditor” means an auditor who is recommended by Board of Directors of the Company for appointment and approved by the members at the first AGM of the Company as subsequent statutory auditor of the Company. This auditor will hold office from the conclusion of first AGM till the conclusion of sixth AGM.

Statutory Framework Governing Appointment of Auditors under the Companies Act, 2013:

Section 139 of the Companies Act, 2013 deals with the appointment of statutory auditors of a Company. In this regard, there are three types of auditors to be appointed in a Company which are as under:

(i) Appointment of first auditors of the Company;

(ii) Appointment of subsequent auditors of the Company; and

(iii) Appointment of auditors in case of causal vacancy due to resignation of existing auditors.

As discussed above, in this article we will discuss the legal provisions and practicalities involved in the appointment of subsequent Statutory Auditors and filling of casual vacancy in a Private Limited Company and its procedure.

Distinction between First Statutory Auditor and Subsequent Statutory Auditor

S. No.	Particulars	First Statutory Auditor	Subsequent Statutory Auditor
1.	Definition	At the time of incorporation of Company, auditor who is appointed for the first time in a Company is called as First Statutory Auditor	An auditor who is appointed subsequently is called as Subsequent Statutory Auditor
2.	Relevant Section	139(6) of Companies Act, 2013	139(1) of Companies Act, 2013
3.	Appointment by whom	Appointed by Board of Directors of the Company within 30 days of incorporation of the Company. However, if Board of Directors failed to appoint first auditors within 30 days of incorporation then members shall appoint first auditors within 90 days of incorporation	Appointed by members of the Company at the first Annual General Meeting (AGM) of the Company on the recommendations of the Board of Directors of the Company
4.	Period for which financial statements are audited	First Statutory Auditor audits financial statements of the Company in respect of first financial year starting from the date of incorporation till end of 31st March.	After the completion of year of incorporation of the Company, subsequent financial statements are audited by Subsequent Statutory Auditors

Statutory Provisions Governing Appointment of Subsequent Statutory Auditors of the Company

Section 139(1) of the Companies Act, 2013 provides that every Company shall at the first AGM of the Company appoint an individual or a firm as an auditor who shall hold office from the conclusion of that AGM till the conclusion of its sixth AGM.

Provided that before making such an appointment at an AGM, proposed auditor or auditor’s firm must provide a written consent along with eligibility certificate which shall be in accordance with the provisions of Section 141 of the Companies Act, 2013 and in compliance of conditions stipulated in Rule 4 of Companies (Audit & Auditors) Rules, 2014.

Provided further that the Company must inform the auditor or auditor’s firm of his/her/its appointment and shall file Form ADT-01 on a mandatory basis with concerned ROC within 15 days of the meeting in which auditor or auditor’s firm is so appointed. [Fourth proviso to Section 139(1) of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Rule 4(2) of Companies (Audit & Auditors) Rule, 2014.]

Mandatory Rotation of Auditors

Section 139(2) of the Companies Act, 2013 introduces a provision as to rotation of auditors on a mandatory basis for listed companies and such other Companies as stipulated in Rule 5 of Companies (Audit & Auditors) Rules, 2014.

Rule 5(b) & (c) of Companies (Audit & Auditors) Rules, 2014. stipulates that a Private Company having:

(i) paid up share capital of rupees fifty crores or more;

(ii) public borrowings from financial institution, banks or public deposits of rupees fifty crores or more

Shall not appoint or re-appoint an individual as an auditor of the Company who has completed his/her full term of five years as an auditor in that Company.

Similarly, an audit firm which has completed two consecutive terms of five years shall not be appointed or re-appointed as an auditor of that Company.

Provided that on the date of appointment no audit firm having a common partner or partner to the other firm whose tenure has expired in a Company immediately preceding the financial year, can be appointed as auditor of the same Company for a period of 5 years. [Second proviso to Section 139(2) of the Companies Act, 2013]

It is pertinent to note here that:

> Provisions of mandatory rotation of auditors contained in Section 139(2) of the Act shall not be applicable on One Person Company and Small Company as defined under the Act;

> The Company has the right to remove an auditor before the completion of his/her/its term and auditor has the right to resign as an auditor before the expiry of his term. This section does not affect the rights of the Company and auditor to remove or resign.

Procedure for Appointment of Subsequent Statutory Auditor in a Private Limited Company

(1) The Board of Directors of the Company shall send a request letter to the proposed Auditor, in case the first statutory auditor is to be appointed as subsequent statutory auditor of the Company. The request letter to the auditor shall cover following aspects:

> Informing about the expiry of his/her/its tenure as the first statutory auditor of the Company;

> Management of the Company, if satisfied with the work of the proposed auditor (First Statutory Auditor), informing an auditor or auditor’s firm about his/her/its name being proposed or recommended as subsequent statutory auditor at an ensuing AGM of the Company before the members of the Company.

> Requesting them to give consent for proposing or recommending their name for appointment as subsequent statutory auditor of the Company at the ensuing AGM of the Company;

> If yes, then request them to share consent letter and eligibility certificate for proposing or recommending their name before the members of the Company for appointing them as subsequent Statutory Auditor of the Company.

In case Board of Directors of the Company wants to recommend name of auditor other than first auditor of the Company then they will send a proposal letter to the proposed new auditor.

(2) Obtain consent letter and eligibility certificate from the proposed subsequent auditor /auditor’s firm stating that auditor satisfies the criteria provided under Section 141 of the Companies Act, 2013. The eligibility certificate given by auditor shall state:

> He/She/It, as the case may be, is eligible for appointment and is not disqualified for appointment under the Companies Act, 2013, the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 and the rules made thereunder;

> The proposed appointment is as per the term provided under the Act;

> The proposed appointment is within the limits laid down by or under the authority of the Act;

> The list of proceedings against the auditor or audit firm or any partner of the audit firm pending with respect to professional matters of conduct, as disclosed in the certificate, is true and correct.

(3) Issue Notice for holding Board Meeting to all the Directors of Company at their addresses registered with the Company, at least 7 clear days before the date of Board Meeting.[Section 173 of Companies Act, 2013 and SS-1 to be adhered]

Provided that if Board Meeting is called at a shorter notice then shorter notice consent letters shall be signed by all the Board of Directors of the Company.

(4) Attach agenda, notes to agenda and draft resolution with the notice of Board Meeting.

(5) Hold the meeting of Board of Directors of the Company on the day, date, time & venue stipulated in the notice and pass the necessary Board Resolution in respect of the following:

> To recommend the appointment/re-appointment and fixation of remuneration of the Subsequent Statutory Auditor of the Company for a period of 5 years;

> To approve the draft notice of Annual General Meeting along with explanatory statement attached to the notice (if any) and considers issuance of notice for calling 1^st Annual General Meeting.

(6) Draft minutes of the board meeting shall be circulated to all the directors within 15 days from the date of conclusion of the meeting by hand delivery or by registered post or by speed post or by courier or by email or by any other recognised electronic means. [Section 118(1) of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Clause 7.4 of Secretarial Standard on Board Meeting-1 promulgated by the Institute of Company Secretaries of India].

(7) Send notice of Annual General Meeting to all the members, directors of the Company and proposed auditors at least 21 clears days before the date of meeting. [Section 101(1) of Companies Act, 2013]

Provided that an Annual General Meeting can also be called at a shorter notice, by obtaining shorter notice consent letters from at least 95% of the members who are entitled to vote thereat. [Clause (i) of First Proviso to Section 101(1) of Companies Act, 2013]

(8) Hold the Annual General Meeting on scheduled date, time & venue and pass the ordinary resolution for appointment of subsequent auditor of the Company from the conclusion of first Annual General Meeting till the conclusion of sixth Annual General Meeting and approve & fix the remuneration to be paid to him/it as recommended by the Board of Directors.

(9) Draft minutes of the general meeting of members shall be prepared and signed by the Chairman of the meeting within 30 days of the conclusion of the meeting. [Section 118(1) of Companies Act, 2013 read with Clause 17.4 and 17.5 of Secretarial Standard on General Meeting-2 promulgated by the Institute of Company Secretaries of India]

(10) Issue a letter of appointment after conclusion of Annual General Meeting along with certified true copy of board resolution and ordinary resolution for appointment of the auditors.

(11) File Form ADT-01 with the concerned ROC within 15 days from the date of the Annual General Meeting in which auditors so appointed.

Statutory Provisions Governing Filling of Casual Vacancy in Office of Auditors

Section 139(8) of the Companies Act, 2013 provides for two scenarios in which casual vacancy can occur in respect of Companies whose accounts are not subject to audit by an auditor appointed by the Comptroller and Auditor-General (C&AG) of India:

(a) Casual vacancy caused by reasons other than resignation like death of auditor, disqualification to act as auditor, personal reasons etc. Such a casual vacancy so caused, shall be filled by Board of Director of the Company within 30 days.

(b) Casual vacancy as a result of the resignation of the auditor, such a vacancy shall be filled by Board of Directors of the Company nominating the proposed auditor at first instance and thereafter their recommendation shall be approved by members at a general meeting conducted within 3 months and such an auditor shall hold the office till the conclusion of the next AGM.

However, in the case of Company whose accounts are subject to audit by an auditor appointed by the C&AG, any casual vacancy in the office of an auditor shall be filled by the C&AG of India within 30 days.

Provided further that in case the C&AG of India does not fill the vacancy within the said period of 30 days, the Board of Directors of the Company shall fill the vacancy within next 30 days.

Statutory Provisions Governing Obligations on Part of Resigning Auditor

Section 140(2) of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Rule 8 of Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014 stipulates that the auditor who has resigned from the Company as a statutory auditor shall file within a period of 30 days from the date of resignation, a statement in Form ADT-03 with the Company and concerned Registrar of Companies.

In case of Government Company or any other Company owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by the Central Government, or by any State Government or Governments, or partly by the Central Government and partly by one or more State Governments, the resigning auditor shall file a statement in Form ADT-03  with the C&AG of India, specifying the prudent reasons and other facts as may be relevant with  regards to his/her/its resignation.

Penalty: In case auditor does not file Form ADT-03 or does not comply with Section 140(2) of the Act, he/she/it shall be liable to a penalty of Rs. 50,000/- or an amount equal to the remuneration of the auditor, whichever is lower, and in case of continuing failure, with further penalty of Rs. 500/- for each day after the first during which such failure continues, subject to a maximum of Rs. 2,00,000/-. [Section 140(3) of the Companies Act, 2013]

Procedure Involved in filling up the Casual Vacancy in the Office of Auditor in a Private Limited Company

The procedure for filling up the casual vacancy in the office of auditor may be divided into two scenarios i.e.

(a) Casual vacancy caused by reasons other than resignation like death of auditor, disqualification to act as auditor, personal reasons etc.; and

(b) Casual vacancy caused by resignation of auditor

Scenario 1: Filling up the Casual Vacancy caused by reasons other than Resignation

(1) The Board of Directors of a Company shall send a proposal letter to the proposed Auditor for filling casual vacancy occurred in the office of statutory auditor of the Company. The proposal letter to the proposed auditor shall contain following matters:

> Making an offer to the proposed auditor/auditor’s firm to act as first statutory auditors of the Company;

> Services offered by auditor shall be such as may be approved by the Board of Directors;

> Expecting from auditors to share consent letter along with eligibility certificate w.r.t. criteria provided under Section 141 of the Companies Act, 2013;

> Confirmation as to compliance of conditions as stipulated in Rule 4 of Companies (Audit & Auditors) Rules, 2014.

(2) Obtain consent letter and eligibility certificate from the proposed auditor /auditor’s firm stating that auditor satisfies the criteria provided under Section 141 of the Companies Act, 2013. The eligibility certificate given by auditor shall state:

> He/She/It, as the case may be, is eligible for appointment and is not disqualified for appointment under the Companies Act, 2013, the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 and the rules made thereunder;

> The proposed appointment is as per the term provided under the Act;

> The proposed appointment is within the limits laid down by or under the authority of the Act;

> The list of proceedings against the auditor or audit firm or any partner of the audit firm pending with respect to professional matters of conduct, as disclosed in the certificate, is true and correct.

(3) Convene the Board Meeting within 30 days of the casual vacancy arising.

(4) Issue Notice for holding Board Meeting to all the Directors of Company at their addresses registered with the Company, at least 7 clear days before the date of Board Meeting.[Section 173 of Companies Act, 2013 and SS-1 to be adhered]

Provided that if Board Meeting is called at shorter notice then shorter notice consent letters shall be signed by all the Board of Directors of the Company.

(5) Attach agenda, notes to agenda and draft resolution with the notice of Board Meeting.

(6) Hold a meeting of Board of Directors of the Company on a day, date, time & venue stipulated in the notice and pass the necessary Board Resolution for appointing proposed auditor as subsequent statutory auditor of the Company due to casual vacancy and fix the remuneration of the auditor so appointed.

(7) Draft minutes of the board meeting shall be circulated to all the directors within 15 days from the date of conclusion of the meeting by hand delivery or by registered post or by speed post or by courier or by email or by any other recognised electronic means.[Section 118(1) of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Clause 7.4 of Secretarial Standard on Board Meeting-1 promulgated by the Institute of Company Secretaries of India].

(8) Issue a letter of appointment after conclusion of Board Meeting along with certified true copy of board resolution for appointment of the auditors.

(9) File Form ADT-01 with the concerned ROC within 15 days from the date of the Board Meeting in which auditor is so appointed.

Scenario 2: Filling up the Casual Vacancy caused by Resignation of Auditor

(1) Obtain filed Form ADT-03 along with payment challan receipt from resigning auditor.

(2) Board of Directors of the Company shall send a proposal letter/letter of intent to the proposed Auditor / Auditor’s firm for acting as a subsequent statutory auditor of the Company due to casual vacancy. Proposal letter to the auditor shall contain following matters:

> Making an offer to the proposed auditor / auditor’s firm to act as first statutory auditors of the Company;

> Services offered by auditor shall be such as may be approved by the Board of Directors;

> Expecting from auditors to share consent letter along with eligibility certificate w.r.t. criteria provided under Section 141 of Companies Act, 2013;

> Confirmation as to compliance of conditions as stipulated in Rule 4 of Companies (Audit & Auditors) Rules, 2014.

(3) Proposed Auditor must obtain NOC from resigning auditor before issuing consent letter and eligibility certificate.

(4) Obtain consent letter and eligibility certificate from proposed first auditor stating that auditor satisfies the criteria provided in Section 141 of Companies Act, 2013. The eligibility certificate given by auditor shall state the following:

> He/She/It, as the case may be, is eligible for appointment and is not disqualified for appointment under the Companies Act, 2013, the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 and the rules made thereunder;

> The proposed appointment is as per the term provided under the Act;

> The proposed appointment is within the limits laid down by or under the authority of the Act;

> The list of proceedings against the auditor or audit firm or any partner of the audit firm pending with respect to professional matters of conduct, as disclosed in the certificate, is true and correct.

(5) Convene the Board Meeting within 30 days of the casual vacancy arising.

(6) Issue Notice for holding Board Meeting to all the Directors of Company at their addresses registered with the Company, at least 7 clear days before the date of Board Meeting.[Section 173 of Companies Act, 2013 and SS-1 to be adhered]

Provided that if Board Meeting is called at shorter notice then shorter notice consent letters shall be signed by all the Board of Directors of the Company.

(7) Attach agenda, notes to agenda and draft resolution with the notice of Board Meeting.

(8) Hold a meeting of Board of Directors of the Company on a day, date, time & venue stipulated in notice and pass the necessary Board Resolution with respect to the following:

> To appoint proposed auditor as subsequent statutory auditor of the Company due to casual vacancy and fix the remuneration of the auditor so appointed.

> To approve the draft notice of Extraordinary General Meeting with explanatory statement and convening Extraordinary General Meeting for passing an ordinary resolution.

(9) Draft minutes of the board meeting shall be circulated to all the directors within 15 days from the date of conclusion of the meeting by hand delivery or by registered post or by speed post or by courier or by email or by any other recognised electronic means.[Section 118(1) of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Clause 7.4 of Secretarial Standard on Board Meeting-1 promulgated by the Institute of Company Secretaries of India].

(10) Extraordinary General Meeting must be convened within 3 months of the Board of Directors recommendation for regularizing appointment of proposed auditor.

(11) Send notice of Extraordinary General Meeting to all the members, directors of the Company and proposed auditors at least 21 clears days before the date of meeting.[Section 101(1) of Companies Act, 2013].

Provided that Extraordinary General Meeting can also be called at a shorter notice, by obtaining shorter notice consent letters from majority in number of members entitled to vote and who represent not less than 95% of such part of the paid-up share capital of the Company. [Clause (2) of First Proviso to Section 101(1) of Companies Act, 2013]

(12) Hold the Extraordinary General Meeting on scheduled date, time & venue and pass the ordinary resolution for appointment of subsequent statutory auditor who shall hold office till the conclusion of ensuing Annual General Meeting and approve the remuneration to be paid to him as recommended by the Board of Directors.

(13) Draft minutes of the board meeting shall be circulated to all the directors within 15 days from the date of conclusion of the meeting by hand delivery or by registered post or by speed post or by courier or by email or by any other recognised electronic means.[Section 118(1) of the Companies Act, 2013 read with Clause 7.4 of Secretarial Standard on Board Meeting-1 promulgated by the Institute of Company Secretaries of India].

(14) Issue a letter of appointment after the conclusion of Extraordinary General Meeting along with certified true copy of ordinary resolution for appointment of the auditors.

(15) File Form ADT-01 with the concerned ROC within 15 days from the date of the Extraordinary General Meeting in which auditor is so appointed.

Details required at hand while filling Form ADT-1:

> PAN of the auditor or auditor’s firm;

> Membership Number of Auditor’s or firm’s registration number of the Auditor;

> Address of the auditor or auditor’s firm;

> Email Id of the auditor or auditor’s firm.

Attachments to filed with Form ADT-1:

> Signed copy of written consent given by the Auditor;

> Certified true copy of the resolution passed for appointment of first auditors;

> Signed copy of the intimation sent by the Company to the Auditor.

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Author can be reached at info@sarvaankassociates.com