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यह कि जीएसटी अधिनियम 2017 के अंतर्गत दिनांक 22 सितंबर 2025 से कर(Tax)की दरों में परिवर्तन किया गया है। जिसके कारण कई करदाता को इनवर्ड सप्लाई पर अधिक कर(Tax )देना होगा, जबकि उनकी आउटवर्ड सप्लाई पर कम दर से होगी। ऐसी स्थिति में क्या उन्हें रिफंड दिया जाएगा ? जीएसटी के अंतर्गत रिफंड दो दशाओं में जारी किया जाता है -1. एक्सपोर्ट के विषय में 2.इनवर्ड स्ट्रक्चर U/s 54(3) के अधीन आज हमारा विषय इनवर्ड ड्यूटी स्ट्रक्चर  के रिफंड के विषय में है, इसका संक्षिप्त विवरण निम्न प्रकार है-

Rule 89. Application for refund of tax, interest, penalty, fees or any other amount.-

(1) Any person, except the persons covered under notification issued under section 55 claiming refund of 13[any balance in the electronic cash ledger in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (6) of section 49 or] any tax, interest, penalty, fees or any other amount paid by him, other than refund of integrated tax paid on goods exported out of India, may file 10[,subject to the provisions of rule 10B,] an application electronically in FORM GST RFD-01 through the common portal, either directly or through a Facilitation Centre notified by the Commissioner:

(5)* In the case of refund on account of inverted duty structure, refund of input tax credit shall be granted as per the following formula:-

Maximum Refund Amount = {(Turnover of inverted rated supply of goods and services) x Net ITC Adjusted Total Turnover} – 12[{tax payable on such inverted rated supply of goods and services x (Net ITC ÷ ITC availed on inputs and input services)}].

Explanation: – For the purposes of this sub-rule, the expressions –

(a) “Net ITC” shall mean input tax credit availed on inputs during the relevant period 26[****]; and

9[(b)”Adjusted Total turnover” and “relevant period” shall have the same meaning as assigned to them in sub-rule (4).]

8. Substituted w.e.f. 01.07.2017 vide Notification No. 26/2018-CT dated 13.06.2017 for “(5) In the case of refund on account of inverted duty structure, refund of input tax credit shall be granted as per the following formula –

Maximum Refund Amount = {(Turnover of inverted rated supply of goods) x Net ITC Adjusted Total Turnover} – tax payable on such inverted rated supply of goods

Explanation.- For the purposes of this sub rule, the expressions “Net ITC” and “Adjusted Total turnover” shall have the same meanings as assigned to them in sub-rule (4).”

9. Substituted vide Notification No. 74/2018-C.T., dated 31.12.2018 for “(b) Adjusted Total turnover shall have the same meaning as assigned to it in sub-rule (4).”

Section 54(3), CGST Act-

यह कि यदि किसी Registered व्यक्ति का Unutilized ITC (accumulated credit) बच जाता है, तो वह Refund Claim कर सकता है:

1. Zero-rated supplies (Export/SEZ) पर (Already अलग से समझाया गया),

2. Inverted Duty Structure पर (जब Inputs पर अधिक Tax Rate और Outputs पर कम)।

अपवाद (Refund नहीं मिलेगा)-

  • यदि Output पर NIL या Exempt Supply है।
  • यदि Export Duty लगी है।
  • यदि Notifications द्वारा Refund Block किया गया है (जैसे कुछ Textile, सीमेंट आदि items हैं)।

यहां –

A. Net ITC = Inputs पर लिया गया ITC (Input Services और Capital Goods का ITC इसमें शामिल नहीं होता)।

B. Turnover of Inverted rated supply = वह Turnover जिस पर Output Rate कम है।

C. Tax payable = उस Output supply पर देय GST।

उदाहरण (Example)

मान लीजिए –

A. Output Product: Plastic Articles (GST @ 12%)

B. Input: Plastic Granules (GST @ 18%)

C. Domestic Sales Turnover (Output): ₹10,00,000 (GST @12% = ₹1,20,000)

D. ITC on Inputs: ₹2,00,000

Step 1: Net ITC (Inputs Only)

Net ITC = 2,00,000

B.Step 2: Refund Formula (Rule 89(5))

Refund Eligible = ₹80,000

Step 1:

Adjusted Total Turnover = 10,00,000 (सिर्फ यही बिक्री हुई है)

Step 2:

Formula लगाएँ –

Refund= Turnover of Inverted rated supply × Net ITC – Tax payable

 _____________________________________

Adjusted Total Turnover

Refund=  10,00,000 x2,00,000 -1,20,000

_________________________      =80,000

                  10,00,000

Final Summary Table-

Particulars Formula Amount (₹)
Net ITC (Inputs only) As per ITC Ledger 2,00,000
Proportionate ITC (Eligible) (Turnover of Inverted Supply × Net ITC)

÷ Adjusted Total Turnover

2,00,000
Less: Output Tax Payable GST @12% on 10,00,000 1,20,000
Refund Claimable Eligible ITC – Output Tax 80,000

 Refund लेने की प्रक्रिया (Inverted Duty Case)-

1. GST Portal → Services → Refunds → Application for Refund → Refund on account of ITC accumulated due to Inverted Tax Structure (RFD-01).

2. Statement 1(Invoice wise purchases/sales) अपलोड करनी होती है।

3. Officer Verification → Provisional Refund (90%) → Final Sanction Order (RFD-06)।

4. Amount बैंक खाते में आ जाता है।(Bank Account का जीएसटी पोर्टल पर वेरिफाई होना चाहिए)

निष्कर्ष –

यह कि Inverted Duty Structure में Refund = (High Rate Inputs का ITC – Low Rate Output Tax) पर आधारितहैं। अर्थात किसी गुड्स को परचेस करके नई वस्तु कानिर्माण करने पर लागू हैं।

Section 54(3) read with Rule 89(5) के अनुसार केवल Inputs ITC Refund मिलता है (Input Services / Capital Goods का ITC शामिल नहीं है)।

डिस्क्लेमर – यह लेखक के निजी विचार हैं।

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