Bhumika Trust Vs Union of India and others (Supreme Court of India)
Supreme Court Modifies 3-Year Bar Practice Rule for Civil Judges: Fresh Law Graduates Eligible Till March 2027; One-Year Practice Mandatory Thereafter
In Bhumika Trust v. Union of India & Ors. [2026 INSC 904], dated 21 August 2026, the Supreme Court reconsidered its May 2025 judgment which had restored three years’ practice at the Bar as a prerequisite for appearing for recruitment as Civil Judge (Junior Division).
The Court did not disagree with the need for practical exposure before a person assumes judicial office. It reiterated that courtroom experience helps develop judicial temperament, patience, empathy, courtroom discipline and an understanding of the respective roles of the Bench and Bar. However, the Court recognised that three years of conventional Bar practice by itself does not necessarily guarantee meaningful practical experience, since the quality of practice varies according to the chamber, court, mentoring opportunities and financial circumstances of the candidate.
The Court was particularly concerned about the sudden impact of the restored three-year rule on existing law graduates, who had planned their careers when fresh graduates were permitted to compete for judicial service. The burden was considered especially significant for young advocates lacking financial support, women and persons with disabilities. The Court also recognised that structured training through Judicial Academies could supplement practical exposure at the Bar.
