NCLT Backlog Persists: Nearly 15,000 Cases Pending as of March 2025

The government has provided data on the number of pending cases before the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT), acknowledging that case resolution can be complex and depends on factors such as evidence, legal applications, and court stays. As of March 31, 2025, the NCLT had 14,961 pending cases, a decrease from the peak of 21,532 in the 2019-2020 financial year. The data also outlines the sector-wise distribution of ongoing cases under the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) and Liquidation as of the same date. The manufacturing sector has the highest number of ongoing CIRP cases at 538 and liquidation cases at 522. The government stated that it is aware of investor concerns regarding resolution delays and has been implementing measures to strengthen the NCLT’s functioning. These measures include using e-court and hybrid court systems, conducting capacity-building programs for members, improving infrastructure, and filling vacancies. Additionally, the government has made six legislative amendments to the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016, and introduced over 100 changes to regulations to improve efficiency and the insolvency resolution framework.

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINISTRY OF CORPORATE AFFAIRS

LOK SABHA
UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3677
ANSWERED ON MONDAY, THE 11^th of AUGUST, 2025/
SRAVANA 20, 1947 (SAKA)

PENDING CASES BEFORE NCLT

QUESTION

3677. SMT. SAJDA AHMED :

Will the Minister of CORPORATE AFFAIRS be pleased to state:

a. whether the Government is aware of long-pending cases before the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT);

b. if so, the total number of pending cases, year-wise and sector-wise;

c. whether the Government recognises investor concerns arising from delays in resolution and recovery;

d. the steps taken/being taken to strengthen functioning of NCLT and improve investor confidence; and

e. whether any reforms or accountability measures are proposed for time-bound resolution and if so, the details thereof?

MINISTER OF STATE FOR THE MINISTRY OF CORPORATE AFFAIRS AND MINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT AND HIGHWAYS

(HARSH MALHOTRA)

(a) & (b) National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) is a quasi-judicial body. The pendency of cases in NCLT depends on circumstances and complexity of each case, nature of evidence, number of Interlocutory Applications (IA), stay by the higher courts in many cases, cooperation of stakeholders etc. The year-wise pendency of cases in NCLT is as under:

The Sector wise details of ongoing cases under Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) and Liquidation as on 31.03.2025 are at Annexure.

(c) to (e) To facilitate expeditious disposal, Government is taking necessary steps on an ongoing basis, which include implementation of e-court and hybrid court project, regular colloquiums for capacity building of members, provisions of infrastructure, filling up of vacancies, etc. Further, the Government has undertaken six legislative amendments to the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) and introduced over 100 changes to the regulations since its inception, to strengthen the insolvency resolution framework and enhance procedural efficiency.

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ANNEXURE

Sector wise details of Ongoing CIRP cases as on 31/03/2025

Sector wise details of Ongoing Liquidation cases as on 31/03/2025