The High Court ruled that providing voice samples does not amount to testimonial compulsion under Article 20(3). Such directions are permissible to aid investigation when safeguards are in place.
The Court ruled that NBWs cannot be issued for non-compliance with ED summons unless statutory conditions under Section 73 CrPC are met. Key takeaway: Witnesses are protected from coercive arrest without due process.
The court ruled that withdrawal of a murder prosecution lacks legal basis when evidence is yet to be tested. It held that serious crimes are offences against society and must proceed to trial regardless of government policy considerations.
The Court held that Section 5(c) of the POCSO Act was prima facie inapplicable as the accused did not qualify as a public servant. On this basis and due to prolonged incarceration, the life sentence was suspended pending appeal.
Supreme Court ruled that once a murder conviction is recorded, presumption of innocence comes to an end. Suspension of sentence in Section 302 cases can be granted only in rare and exceptional circumstances, not as a matter of routine during appeal.
The issue concerned whether an investigating agency could summon a lawyer for actions taken while representing a client. The Court stayed the notice, holding that treating an advocate as a witness for professional duties violates established safeguards.
The Supreme Court held that directing time-bound investigations should be exceptional and only where undue delay or stagnation is evident, preserving investigative autonomy while protecting Article 21 rights.
The High Court rejected bail after holding that the slogan used by the crowd challenged the authority of law and sovereignty of India. The ruling emphasises that calls for violence fall outside constitutional protection.
The High Court held that adults in live-in relationships cannot be denied protection. Interference by family members was ruled impermissible under Article 21.
The Court overturned convictions after finding contradictions, missing proof of possession, tainted recoveries, and unreliable forensics. It reaffirmed that convictions cannot rest on infirm investigations.
