Anjali Goyal
Sec 269SS under Income Tax Act has been reproduced as follows :
[Mode of taking or accepting certain loans, deposits and specified sum.
269SS. No person shall take or accept from any other person (herein referred to as the depositor), any loan or deposit or any specified sum, otherwise than by an account payee cheque or account payee bank draft or use of electronic clearing system through a bank account or through such other electronic mode as may be prescribed, if,—
(a) the amount of such loan or deposit or specified sum or the aggregate amount of such loan, deposit and specified sum; or
(b) on the date of taking or accepting such loan or deposit or specified sum, any loan or deposit or specified sum taken or accepted earlier by such person from the depositor is remaining unpaid (whether repayment has fallen due or not), the amount or the aggregate amount remaining unpaid; or
(c) the amount or the aggregate amount referred to in clause (a) together with the amount or the aggregate amount referred to in clause (b),
is twenty thousand rupees or more:
Provided that the provisions of this section shall not apply to any loan or deposit or specified sum taken or accepted from, or any loan or deposit or specified sum taken or accepted by,—
(a) the Government;
(b) any banking company, post office savings bank or co-operative bank;
(c) any corporation established by a Central, State or Provincial Act;
(d) any Government company as defined in clause (45) of section 2 of the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013);
(e) such other institution, association or body or class of institutions, associations or bodies which the Central Government may, for reasons to be recorded in writing, notify in this behalf in the Official Gazette:
Provided further that the provisions of this section shall not apply to any loan or deposit or specified sum, where the person from whom the loan or deposit or specified sum is taken or accepted and the person by whom the loan or deposit or specified sum is taken or accepted, are both having agricultural income and neither of them has any income chargeable to tax under this Act.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this section,—
(i) “banking company” means a company to which the provisions of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949) applies and includes any bank or banking institution referred to in section 51 of that Act;
(ii) “co-operative bank” shall have the same meaning as assigned to it in Part V of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949) ;
(iii) “loan or deposit” means loan or deposit of money;
(iv) “specified sum” means any sum of money receivable, whether as advance or otherwise, in relation to transfer of an immovable property, whether or not the transfer takes place.]
Please note Advance in cash for Property Covered by Section 269SS & 269T wef 01.06.2015 and details can be checked at the following link :-
https://taxguru.in/income-tax/advance-cash-property-covered-section-269ss-269t.html
Page Contents
What does Sec 269SS says?
Analysis:
No person shall accept any loan or deposit in a single day from another person in any form other than account payee cheque or bank draft, if aggregate amount involved is more than Rs 20,000.
♠ This provision has come into force to counteract the evasion of tax by mode of acceptance of money in certain cases.
The objective is to prevent transactions in currency thereby allowing account payee cheque and bank draft for allowable transactions.
♠ The violation of this provision shall attract penalty under Sec 271D equals to amount accepted, on the person accepting such loan or deposit in cash above the prescribed limit. The responsibility to comply with this provision is on the acceptor of such money.
e.g. – Mr A is running his proprietorship concern & has accepted Rs 50,000 from Mr B as deposit on 1.4.2015 in cash.
Since, Mr A is acceptor in the above case, he shall be penalised under Sec 271D for Rs 50,000 because he accepted above Rs 20,000 in a day as deposit in cash.
♠ The aggregate amount means total money received on the day including earlier unpaid amounts. To verify the compliance of this provision, total amount received on the day shall be taken irrespective of the nature of the transaction.
e. g. – Mr A received Rs 40,000 in cash on 1.4.2015 as deposit amount from Mr B out of which Rs 15,000 belongs to the same day whereas Rs 25,000 belongs to earlier unpaid deposits.
In such case, aggregate amount shall be taken i.e., Rs 40,000 to verify the compliance of this Section. Therefore, penalty of Rs 40,000 shall be attracted under Sec 271D on Mr A.
♠ ‘In a single day’ means all the transactions of the day from same person shall be clubbed to verify the limit of Rs 20,000.
E. g. – Mr A received Rs 1,00,000 from Mr B in cash in 5 instalments of Rs 20,000 in single day as on 01.04.2015 as deposit.
In such case, all the transactions shall be clubbed from same person. Whether every transaction has not crossed the limit of Rs 20,000 or not has no relevance. The total amount shall be taken i.e. Rs 1,00,000 and therefore penalty of Rs 1,00,000 shall be attracted to Mr A for accepting more than Rs 20,000 in cash as deposit in a single day from same person.
♠ If the total amount accepted in cash as deposit is above Rs 20,000 then the whole amount shall be penalised.
e.g. – Mr A received Rs 25,000 from Mr B in cash as deposit as on 01.04.2015.
In such case, Mr A has accepted deposits in cash more than the prescribed limit of Rs 20,000. He shall be penalised for whole of Rs 25,000 accepted and not only Rs 5,000 over and above the limit prescribed.
Exemptions from Applicability of Section 269SS Provisions:
1. If any of the two persons involved in the transaction i.e. receiver and payer is:-
– Government
– any Banking Company, Post office savings bank or co-operative bank
– any corporation established by a Central, State or Provincial Act
– any Government Company
– other institutions as notified,
then above provisions shall not be applied.
2. If both of the above referred persons is having Agricultural Income and there is no tax calculated under the Income Tax Act, above stated provisions shall not be applied.
– The existence of agricultural income of both the persons is necessary.
– The person may have other income under the Act but there should not be any tax liability after computation of Income allowing deductions & exemptions.
Various Judgements for better understanding of concepts of Section 269SS:
1. Section 269SS does not apply to non-monetary book entry transactions of loans and advances. CIT v Noida Toll Bridge Co. Ltd 262 ITR 260 and CIT v Worldwide Township Projects Ltd (2014) 106 DTR (Del) 139 followed
Analysis:
– The ambit of Sec 269SS is clearly restricted to transactions involving acceptance of money and there is no intention to affect cases where a liability has been arised merely on the basis of book entries.
– In the case of mere book entry, there is no receipt of money in cash or any other form. The provision is intended to verify the transactions in currency. Since there is no movement of money, Sec 269SS shall not be applied.
– Merely crediting the account of a person to whom monies are payable by passing journal entries does not come under the ambit of Sec 269SS.
Hence, movement of money is necessary for Sec 269SS to be effective.
2. Money accepted as share application money cannot be termed as loan or deposit for purpose of Sec 269SS read with Sec 271D.
Eqbal Inn & Hotels Ltd. v JCIT (2014) 49 taxmann.com 74(Chandigarh-Tribunal)
Analysis: A ‘loan’ is a transaction in which borrower approaches the lender for a certain sum of money for a fixed period on terms & conditions including interest etc & vice versa is a ‘deposit’.
Share application money accepted cannot be termed as loan as deposit since,
– the intention is to increase the share capital base of the company
– there are no such terms & conditions like fixed interest or fixed period in respect to share capital
– money accepted as share application money is received in current account and is used for reasonable purpose whereas money accepted as loan and deposit is received in capital account.
Therefore, no penalty shall be attracted under Sec 271D for acceptance of share application money.
3. Where assessee received cash as share application money from an individual but only meagre amount of shares were allotted to said individual, penalty under section 271D was to be imposed.
G. Estate (P) Ltd. v ACIT Range-6 (2014) 44 taxzmann.com 418 (Delhi- Tribunal)
Analysis: When a company accept share application money
– there should be reasonable cause for the receipt of money
– there should be enough authorised capital base of the company
Where company after receiving huge amount share application money, is making allotment for meagre amount of shares i.e, very few amount of shares, it clearly indicates the malafide intention of the company that the money received on the name of share application money was actually in the nature of loan or deposit.
In such case, the actual intention of the company shall be considered and hence penalty shall be attracted under Sec271D since such huge cash received as share application money shall be considered as loan or deposit received under Sec 269SS.
3. Where partners of firm gives money to firm in need of business exigencies and received it back through capital account, both in cash; no penalty could be levied.
DCIT v Chetan M Kakaria (2014) 49 taxmann.com 490 (Mumbai- Tribunal)
AND,
Provisions of section 269SS would not be violated when money is exchanged inter-se between partners and partnership firm in spite of fact that partnership firm and individual partners are separate assesses.
CIT New Delhi v Muthoot Financiers (2015) 55 taxmann.com 202 (Delhi- High Court)
Analysis:
In the eyes of law, partnership firm and the partners therein are different assesses. But for the application of Sec 269SS, the intention and reasonable cause of acceptance of money shall be considered importantly.
The factual interpretation gives us a view that partners are the real owners of the firm and during business necessities, partners would make contribution as loan or deposit in the firm (through capital account).
A plain reading gives us the interpretation that money is transferred from one hand to other hand of the same person. Thus money exchanged between partners and the firm shall not covered under the ambit of Sec 269SS.
Whether the transactions were made from current or capital account has no relevance since partner has the right to make contributions from both the accounts.
4. Receipt and repayment of loan in cash due to immediate business necessity would amount to reasonable cause for not levying penalty under sections 271D and 271E.
CIT Chennai v T. Perumal (Indl) (2015) 53 taxmann.com 17 (Madras- High Court)
Analysis:
What would be held as a reasonable cause in the eyes of law is a matter of fact. The reasonability and genuinity shall be judged on the basis of facts of circumstances of the cases.
If assessee is able to satisfy that the reason for immediate necessity is genuine and he had no malafide intention as to evasion of undisclosed income, he may not be penalised under Sec271D due to reasonable cause.
5. Where assessee-firm received a sum of Rs 4.35 lakhs in cash from its sister concern and repaid a sum of Rs one lakh in cash to sister concern, transfer of cash by one firm to another would operate as a reasonable cause and, therefore, levy of penalty under sections 271D and 271E upon assessee was not justified.
K. Enterprises v JCIT (2014) 41 taxmann.com 235 (Mumbai- Tribunal)
Analysis:
Sister concerns are the subsidiaries of the same parent company. It can be said that there is common control over the management of both the concerns.
A plain reading of cash transactions of the case gives the meaning as loan or deposit under Sec 269SS and so as liable under Sec 271D. The assessee has to prove the reasonable cause for the transactions and what shall be a reasonable cause is a matter of fact.
If assessee is able to prove that the cash transactions were in the routine nature of management of business due to common control of both the concerns and there were no malafide intentions, assessee may not be penalised under Sec. 271D.
Some Recent Case Laws on Section 269SS read with Section 271D
(Author is a Licentiate Company Secretary and CA Final student of ICAI and she can be reached For any queries or suggestions, at anjaligoyal0602@gmail.com)
Click here to Read Other Articles of Anjali Goyal
(Republished with Amendments by Team Taxguru)
The description of 269SS contains wrong & unnecessary text!
It is NOT “otherwise than by an account payee cheque” but “other than by an account payee cheque”.
And what follows, “as may be prescribed, if…” is totally unnecessary! It could have been simply mentioned as, “…..if the amount is ₹ 20,000 or more in a single or multiple transactions for a single purpose.
“Exception:
“The above section shall not apply to any financial transactions with the following entities:
(a) the Government
(b) any banking company, post office savings bank or co-operative bank
(c) any corporation established by a Central, State or Provincial Act ”
Lawyers in India have this extremely bad habit of writing things in convoluted and also wrong English.
IF OUR COMPANY SALE OF INDUSTRIAL PLOTS AND AMOUNT RECD FROM PARTY AGAINST THE PLOTS ( MAIN OBJECT DEVELOPER AND SALE OF PLOTS) IT IS REQUIRED TO DETAILS IN 269SS FOR AUDIT REPORT PLEASE SPECIFY ?
Can A society registered under Madhya Pradesh Society registration act, 1973 accepts loans in cash from its members for purchasing immovable property in cash for the purpose of society?
Does this Section applicable to Salaried employee also?
Sir i withdrawn cash around 50000 to my credit card from shopkeeper on commission basis
Sir plz tell me the penalty of 269ss is applicable me or not
Sir i withdrawn cash around 50000 to my credit card from shopkeeper on commission basis
Sir plz tell me the penalty of 269ss is applicable me or no
An employee of State govts wants to purchase a IInd Hand car for Rs. 315000/- (three lac fifteen thousand) in cash from a housewife (through her father-in-law) who got Car at the time of marriage from her father and car is in the name of housewife. Seller is adamant in selling in cash.
What are consequences?
Term loan repaid in cash of co-op bank is allowed ? reply urgent
Hello Amit Ganar Ji,
Yes, your interpretation is right and i appreciate the same. Here i have mentioned that in analysis part just to make it comfortable and understandable for beginners and avoided the linkage of other sections.
Thanks so much for the acknowledgement Sir.
Anjali Goyal
Best Regards
Also read some other important decision of different court on the subject matter.
(a) Sunflower Builders (P) Ltd vs DCIT 61 ITD 227 (Punjab)-Acknowledgement of debt by passing a journal entry in the books of account would not come within the ambit of the words loan or deposit. Section 269SS applies only where money passes from one person to another by way of loan or deposit.
(b) CIT v. Sunil Kumar Goel (2009) 183 TAX 53 (P&H) held that: a family transaction between two independent assessees based on an act of casualness, especially in a case where the disclosure thereof is contained in the compilation of accounts and which has no tax effect establishes ‘reasonable cause’ under section 273B.
(c) CIT v. Maheshwari Nirman Udyog 302 ITR 201(Raj.): It has been held that “Section 271D, read with sections 269SS and 273B, of the Income-tax Act, 1961—Penalty—For failure to comply with section 269SS— Assessment year 1993-94—Assessee-contractor had taken certain loans from its sister concern in cash to make payments to labourers at site—Assessing Officer held that transactions were not genuine ones and imposed penalty under section 271D—Commissioner (Appeals) and Tribunal came to a finding that transactions were genuine and there was reasonable cause for accepting loan in cash and, therefore, no penalty was exigible—Whether question as to whether a particular transaction is genuine or otherwise is a question of fact, and if it had been found by Tribunal that assessee had shown a reasonable cause for accepting money in cash, said finding of fact could not be interfered with—Held, yes.”
(d) CIT v. Balaji Traders 303 ITR 312 (Mad): it has been has held that “Section 271D of the Income-tax Act, 1961—Penalty—For failure to comply with section 269SS—Assessment year 1993-94—Assessing Officer found that assessee had availed cash borrowings exceeding Rs. 20,000 for about 36 times during year—Considering assessee’s act to be in violation of section 269SS, Assessing Officer imposed penalty upon assessee under section 271D—Tribunal found that there was business exigency forcing assessee to take cash loans for purpose of honouring its cheque commitments ; creditors were genuine persons and transactions were satisfactorily explained by assessee ; and there was no revenue loss to State exchequer—Tribunal accordingly, set aside penalty—Whether Tribunal was justified—Held, yes.”
(e) CIT vs. Idhayam Publications 285 ITR 221(Mad): It has been held that the provisions of sections 269SS and 269T are not applicable to current accounts.
(f) Shreenath Builders vs. DCIT 66 TTJ 113 (Ahd-ITAT) according to which penalty under section 269SS and 269 T is not applicable in case of bona fide transactions, even if violating section 269SS.
(g) Withdrawal from joint account of father and son: In Shiv Nandan Kaushik vs. Dy. CIT (2002) 74 TTJ 761 (Chd) an amount of Rs. 2 lakhs was withdrawn from the joint bank account of assessee and his son and same was deposited with a company. It was agreed between father and son that deposits of Rs. 1 lakhs each would be made in the separate names of father and son and income arising therefrom would be respective income of father and son. It was held that mere fact that the company had issued one receipt in the name of the assessee was not a conclusive evidence that the deposit was made by the father alone, when in fact income arising from their respective deposits was being enjoyed by both and assessed accordingly. It was held that the department had not been able to establish the fact that transaction was indeed a loan to assessee from his son.
(h) Temporary advances being neither loans nor deposits are outside the purview of section 269SS: In Karnataka Ginning & Pressing Factory vs. Jt. CIT (2001) 77 ITD 478 (Mum.) it was held that where the amounts taken by the assessee from its sister concern were temporary advances and there was no evidence that there was any stipulation as to the period or any stipulation for interest, it was therefore a matter of grave doubt as to whether the amounts received from its sister concern could be characterised as loans or deposits. They could be more appropriately referred to as temporary advances which are outside the purview of section 269SS.
(i) Payment/ Adjustment by Journal Entry: In CIT vs. Noida Toll Bridge Co. Ltd. (2003) 262 ITR 260 (Delhi) it was held that when no payment is made in cash, but the same is effected by journal entry in books of account of assessee and there is no violation of section 269SS so as to warrant penalty u/s. 271D. Similar view has been taken in CIT vs. Govind Kumar – (2002) 253 ITR 103 (Raj).
(j) Where identity of payee is established and genuineness of transaction is not doubted: In Addl. CIT vs. Smt. Prahati Baruah (2003) 133 Taxman 74 (Gau) (Mag) it was held that the introduction of section 269T and section 271E in the statute is to prevent proliferation of black/ unaccounted money deposited with banks and other persons by introducing the system of repayment through account payee cheques and drafts and, thus, to ensure that the identity of the payee is established. Where the identity of the lender to whom repayment had been made was known to the department and the genuineness of the loan transaction was not in doubt, it could not be said that the breach of law, if any, was deliberate and the default, if any, could be said to be a technical default for which no penalty would be leviable.
(k) Asst. Director of Inspection (Investigation) v. Kum. A.B. Shanthi [2002] 255 ITR 258 held that if there was a genuine and bona fide transaction and the assessee could not get a loan or deposit by account payee cheque or demand draft for some bona fide reason, the authority vested with the power to impose penalty has a discretion not to levy penalty.
Dear Madam
Very good analysis, however I would like to add a point Section 269SS does not talk for single day transaction but for complete financial year.
It is section 40a(3) where limit of Rs.20,000 per day is prescribed.
Please confirm the same.
Jose MP Ji,
In author’s view, Sec 269SS shall be duly applied to deposits taken by a co-operative society from its members.
Thanks & Regards,
Anjali Goyal
Harish Sharma Ji,
In case of purchases from creditors, Sec 40A(3) shall be attracted.
Jaykumar Pokharna Ji,
Thanks for the appreciation.
As per the judicial pronouncments, partners may rotate cash by using the channel(firm) but onus would be on the partners to prove the business requirements and necessities at that time. No penalty shall be levied if cash was transferred due to business exigencies.
Thanks & Regards
Anjali Goyal
Will 269ss apply to deposits taken by a co-op society from its members?
The society is formed to promote thrift among the members and to give loans.
Can you clarrify?
No only sec. 40A(30) applies if contravention is made
Nice and useful article written by Anjali. But I would like to know if there are 6 partners in partnership firm and through that they use the channel (Firm) to rotate money each other in cash – What are the consequences in the eyes of law?
Sir this is all about loan and advances, but in case of payment made to creditor after purchases exceeding 20000.00 is allowed or not.
In my case cash payment made by firm to a partner in a single day less than Rs. 2,00,000/- will attract 269 SS or 269 ST