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Gurminder Dhami

Gurminder DhamiINTRODUCTION

The Companies Act, 2013 has changed the rules of the game. There has been a paradigm shift in the provisions relating to appointment of Statutory Auditors. In this article I have tried to cover all aspects relating to appointment of auditor, however in this article I have not covered appointment of auditor by Government Companies or Companies owned or controlled, directly or indirectly by Central or State Government.

In this article, unless otherwise expressly provided all sections referred to are of Companies Act, 2013 and rules referred to are of Companies (Audit and Auditor) rules, 2014.

APPOINTMENT OF FIRST AUDITOR

As per section 139(6) the first auditor of the company shall be appointed by the Board within 30 days of Incorporation. In case of Board’s failure, an EGM shall be called within 90 days to appoint the first auditor. The law is silent regarding from when this time limit of 90 days be reckoned, it is better to take a stricter view and interpret that the 90 days limit starts from Incorporation rather than expiry of 30 days(i.e. failure of Board) from it.

Tenure: – Till conclusion of 1st annual general meeting.

Remuneration: – As per proviso to section 142(1) remuneration of the first auditor can be decided by the Board.

Does appointment of 1st auditor require obtaining written consent, certificate and filing of form ADT-1 ?

The appointment of first auditor is governed through section 139(6) which starts with a non-obstante clause [notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1)] and it is sub-section (1) which requires obtaining consent & certificate from auditor and filing of form ADT-1 with ROC.

Interpretation of “notwithstanding anything contained….”:- As per Supreme court, the non-obstante clause is used to avoid the operation and effect of all contrary provisions. In case any departure between non-obstante clause and other provisions, no-obstante clause will prevail.

Since section 139(6) does not speak anything contrary to section 139(1) as far as obtaining of consent, certificate and filing of form is concerned therefore in can be interpreted that ADT-1 should be filed with ROC for first auditor also.

Procedure for appointment of auditor

1. Intimate the proposed auditor(s) regarding the intention of appointing him/it as auditor and ask whether he/ it is eligible and not disqualified to be appointed as auditor of the company.

2. Obtain consent & certificate from auditor.

3. If audit committee required to be constituted under section 177, then obtain its recommendation (Section 139(11)).

4. Call Board meeting.

5. Approve the appointment of auditor at the first Board Meeting.

6. Intimate the auditor and file with ROC form ADT-1(to be attached in form GNL-2 as per MCA circular 09/2014 dated 25th April, 2014) within 15 days.

APPOINTMENT OF AUDITOR AT 1ST AGM

As per section 139(1) every company shall appoint at its 1st annual general meeting an individual or a firm as an auditor of the company who shall hold office who shall hold office from the conclusion of that meeting till the conclusion of its sixth annual general meeting and thereafter till the conclusion of every sixth meeting

Tenure subject to ratification :- The tenure of 5 consecutive years is subject to ratification by shareholders at every AGM.

Remuneration: – As per section 142(1) remuneration of the auditor of a company shall be fixed in its general meeting or in such manner as may be determined therein.

Manner & Procedure for selection to be governed through rules :- it is prescribed in rule 3, explained hereunder,

1. Consideration of the appointment – The Board or the Audit Committee (where it is required to be constituted) shall consider the qualifications, experience of the auditor and whether the aforesaid attributes are commensurate with the size and requirements of the company. Further regard should also be given to professional matters of conduct against the proposed auditor before the ICAI, Court or any competent authority.

2. Recommendation of name for appointment of auditor – The procedure depends upon whether audit committee is required to be constituted or not.

  • Constitution of audit committee required: In this case the committee shall recommend the name of the auditor to the Board which if agrees with the recommendation, will further recommend it to the members. If the Board does not so agree, then it shall refer back the recommendation to the committee which may reconsider its recommendation, however if the committee decides not to do so then the Board shall record reasons for its disagreement with the committee and send its own recommendation for consideration of the members.
  • Audit Committee not required: The committee shall recommend the name of the auditor to the members.

Written consent and certificate from the auditor for appointment of auditor :-   As per 2nd proviso to section 139(1) auditor has to give a written consent to become auditor of the company & a certificate stating that appointment is in accordance with conditions prescribed.

Contents of the certificate (rule 4(1) of Companies (Audit and Auditor) rules, 2014) are:-

1. The person being appointed is eligible for appointment and is not disqualified for appointment under the Act, the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 and the rules or regulations made thereunder.

2. The proposed appointment is as per the term provided under the Act.

3. The proposed appointment is within the limits laid down by or under the authority of the Act.

4. The list of proceedings pending with respect to professional matters of conduct, as disclosed in the certificate, is true and correct.

The Certificate should also state that the auditor is eligible and not disqualified for appointment as per section 141(requirement of 3rd proviso).

Intimation to Auditor & ROC :- The company shall inform the auditor regarding appointment and also file a form ADT-1 to ROC within 15 days of the meeting in which the auditor is appointed.

Procedure

1. Intimate the proposed auditor(s) regarding the intention of appointing him/it as auditor and ask for the following information and documents:-

  • Qualification, experience and matters of professional conduct pending before ICAI, Court or any other competent authority.
  • Consent to become auditor.
  • Certificate (contents discussed above)

2. Call Board meeting for the purpose of following:-

  • Considering information and documents received in point 1.
  • Considering that the qualification & experience are commensurate with the size & operations of the company.
  • Recommending the name of the auditor to the members.
  • Calling of AGM.

3. Convene the AGM and get the Ordinary resolution appointing the auditor passed at the meeting.

4. Intimate the Auditor and file with ROC form ADT-1(to be attached in form GNL-2 as per MCA circular 09/2014 dated 25th April, 2014) within 15 days.

Note: – In case the Company is required to constitute the Audit Committee, then the work of consideration and recommendation vests with it. The concept of the same has been discussed above.

RE-APPOINTMENT OF AUDITOR

After completion of tenure of 5 consecutive years the auditor may be re-appointed by complying with the provisions of section 139(9) which states that subject to the provisions of sub-section (1) & the rules made thereunder, a retiring auditor may be re-appointed at an annual general meeting, if-

  1. He is not disqualified for re-appointment.
  2. He has not given the company a notice in writing of his unwillingness to be re-appointed
  3. A special resolution has not been passed at that meeting appointing some other auditor or providing expressly that he shall not be re-appointed.

Does Re-APPOINTMENT or RATIFICATION of auditor at AGM require obtaining written consent, certificate and filing of form ADT-1 ?

As per 2nd,3rd & 4th proviso to section 139(1) consent, certificate and filing of form is required for appointment. Since as per explanation to section 139(1) appointment includes re-appointment therefore the documentation & filing of form is also required at the time of re-appointment but Ratification does not require filing of ADT-1 but it will be a better practice if certificate of disqualification is obtained even in case of ratification.

Procedure

The procedure for re-appointment of Auditor shall more or less be same as both, appointment & re-appointment are goverened through provisions of Section 139(1). However, following additional things shall be kept in mind :-

  • Provisions of section 139(9) (discussed above)
  • Provisions relating to rotation of auditors(discussed later)

ROTATION OF AUDITORS

As per section 139(2) no listed company or companies as prescribed shall appoint or re-appoint :-

  • An individual as auditor for more than one term of 5 consecutive years; and
  • An audit firm as auditor for more than two terms of 5 consecutive years

Note: 1. Break in the term for a continuous period of 5 years will be considered as fulfillment of criteria of rotation. (explanation 2 to rule 6(3)(ii)).

2. the period for which the individual or the firm has held office as auditor prior to the commencement of the Act shall be taken into account for calculating the period of five consecutive years or ten consecutive years, as the case may be(rule 6(3)(i))

Cooling period: – 5 years from completion of tenure as said above.

Other persons who cannot be appointed as auditor:-

  • Firm having a common partner to the other audit firm, whose tenure has expired in a company immediately preceding the financial year, shall be appointed as auditor of the same company for a period of five years (1st proviso to section 139(2)).
  • The incoming auditor or audit firm shall not be eligible if such auditor or audit firm is associated with the outgoing auditor or audit firm under the same network of audit firms(rule 6(3)(ii)).

ü  “same network” includes the firms operating or functioning, hitherto or in future, under the same brand name, trade name or common control (explanation 1 to rule 6(3)(ii))

  • If a partner, who is in charge of an audit firm and also certifies the financial statements of the company, retires from the said firm and joins another firm of chartered accountants, such other firm shall also be ineligible to be appointed for a period of five years.

Companies prescribed (rule 5):-

Following companies excluding one person companies and small companies:-

  • Unlisted public companies having paid up capital of Rs.10 crore or more;
  • Private limited companies having paid up capital of Rs. 20 crore or more;
  • Companies having paid up capital less than as mentioned above, but having public borrowings from financial institutions, banks or public deposits of rupees 50 crore or more.

Note :- Rotation of auditors does not apply to dormant companies(proviso to rue 6 of Companies(Miscellaneous) rules, 2014)

Manner of rotation:- to be prescribed by way of rules(section 139(4) read with rule)

  • Recommendation of name:- The procedure depends upon whether audit committee is required to be constituted or not. If constitution required then the Committee shall recommend to the Board the name of the auditor who may replace the incumbent auditor on expiry of his term. The Board shall consider the same and make its recommendation to the members. In cases where committee not required then the Board shall itself recommend to the members.

Transitional period:- For companies existing on commencement of this act, 3 years from such commencement (2nd proviso to section 139(2))

SPECIAL RIGHTS TO SHAREHOLDERS

As per section 139(3) members have following rights after passing resolution in their meeting:-

  • In case of audit firm, auditing partner and his team shall be rotated at such intervals as may be decided.
  • Audit shall be conducted by more than auditor.

CASUAL VACANCY

As per section 139(8) any casual vacancy, shall be filled by the Board within 30 days. If the vacancy has arisen due to resignation of auditor then such appointment shall also be approved by the company at a general meeting convened within 3 months of the recommendation of the Board.

Instances of casual vacancy :-

  • Death
  • Resignation
  • Disqualification – If an existing auditor gets disqualified under Section 141 then he shall inform the company and the situation will be treated as casual vacancy (Section 141(4))
  • Failure of ratification at AGM – If the ratification resolution fails at the AGM of company then this also tantamount to casual vacancy(explanation to rule 3).

Tenure: – Till conclusion of forthcoming annual general meeting.

Remuneration: – Section 142 deals with remuneration of auditor. The section expressly empowers the shareholders to fix the remuneration except in case of 1st auditor. The law is silent for fixing remuneration for auditor being appointed in casual vacancy, since the law being silent and going with the purposeful interpretation of law the remuneration can be decided by the Board as the appointing authority is the Board itself moreover section 224(8) of Companies Act, 1956 also enumerated the same principle. However, this shall not be the case where casual vacancy has arisen due to resignation.

Does appointment of auditor in casual vacancy require obtaining written consent, certificate and filing of ADT-1 ?

On reading section 139(8) prima facie it seems that the aforesaid is not required to be done, but since an auditor is appointed by the board in place of existing auditor the regulator (ROC) should be intimated of the same and consent, certificate should also be obtained so as to prove that board has acted diligently.

Procedure

1. Intimate the proposed auditor(s) regarding the intention of appointing him/it as auditor and ask whether he/ it is eligible and not disqualified to be appointed as auditor of the company.

2. Obtain consent & certificate from auditor.

3. If Audit Committee required to be constituted under section 177, then obtain its recommendation (Section 139(11)).

4. Call Board meeting.

5. Approve the appointment of auditor in casual vacancy at the Board meeting.

6. Intimate the Auditor and file with ROC form ADT-1(to be attached in form GNL-2 as per MCA circular 09/2014 dated 25th April, 2014) within 15 days.

Procedure – where casual vacancy arises due to resignation of existing auditor

1. Intimate the proposed auditor(s) regarding the intention of appointing him/it as auditor and ask whether he/ it is eligible and not disqualified to be appointed as auditor of the company.

2. Obtain consent & certificate from auditor.

3. If Audit Committee required to be constituted under section 177, then obtain its recommendation (Section 139(11)).

4. Call Board meeting for the purpose of following:-

  • Appointment of auditor in casual vacancy.
  • Considering that the qualification & experience are commensurate with the size & operations of the company.
  • Recommending the members to approve the appointment.
  • Calling of EGM(to be held within 3 months from date of Board meeting).

5. Intimate the Auditor and file with ROC form ADT-1(to be attached in form GNL-2 as per MCA circular 09/2014 dated 25th April, 2014) within 15 days of EGM(since the appointment is not final until approval of members).

RESIGNATION OF AUDITOR

As per section 140(2) the Auditor who has resigned from the company shall file within a period of 30 days from the date of resignation, a statement in the prescribed form with the company and ROC indicating the reasons and other facts as may be relevant with regard to his resignation in form ADT-3(to be attached in form GNL-2 as per MCA circular 09/2014 dated 25th April, 2014). If the auditor does not comply with these requirements, he or it shall be punishable with fine which shall not be less than 50,000/- rupees but which may extend to 5,00,000/-. After resignation the provisions of casual vacancy shall be triggered which has been explained above.

RIDDLE?

A. Is it necessary that a company which needs to comply with provisions of rotation of auditors need to mandatorily constitute audit committee?

AND

B Is it necessary that a company which needs to constitute audit committee need to mandatorily comply with provisions of rotation of auditors?

SOURCE:-

Conditions for audit committee (section 179 read with rule 6 of Companies (Meetings of Board and its Powers) Rules, 2014):-

  • Listed Companies.
  • Public companies with a paid up capital of Rs. 10 crore or more.
  • Public companies having turnover of Rs. 100 crore or more.
  • Public companies, having in aggregate, outstanding loans or borrowings or debentures or deposits exceeding Rs. 50 crore or more.

Conditions for rotation of auditors (section 139(2) read with rule 5):-

  • Listed Companies.
  • Public companies having paid up capital of Rs. 10 crore or more.
  • Private limited companies having paid up capital of Rs. 100 crore or more.
  • All companies having paid up capital of below threshold limit mentioned above, but having public borrowings from financial institutions, banks or public deposits of Rs. 50 crore or more.

ANSWER:-

Companies to which audit committee applies but not rotation:-

  1. Public companies having turnover f more tan Rs. 100 crores but paid-up capital less than Rs. 10 crores.
  1. Public companies which have issued debentures or have borrowed money from other than bank/financial institution in excess of Rs. 50 crores.

Companies to which rotation applies but not audit committee:-

1. Private companies having paid up capital of Rs. 100 crore or more.

2. Private companies which have borrowed money from financial institutions/banks in excess of Rs. 50 crores.

Disclaimer: The entire contents of this article have been prepared on the basis of relevant provisions and information existing at the time of preparation. The observations of the author are personal view and the author does not take any responsibility of the same and this cannot be quoted without the written consent of the author or website.  

(Author may be contacted on csgurminderdhami@gmail.com for Suggestions, comments and queries )

Click Here to Read Other Articles written by Gurminder Dhami

Author Bio

Gurminder Singh Dhami is a young, energetic Company Secretary with an eye for detail into the nuances of Corporate Law. A researcher at heart, he has written various articles on new Companies Act, 2013 and leads the Team in keeping abreast with the latest changes and supports in critically analyzing View Full Profile

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46 Comments

  1. Mahendra says:

    Dear Sirs

    I need one help to understand rules regarding appointment of Auditor. basically with reference to apartment society if some one miss to appoint Auditor in AGBM what should be next step? towards end of FY.

  2. HARVI PATEL says:

    Our company is falling under class 139(2) of the Companies Act, 2013 and have appointed the auditor before 01.04.2014 for period of six year. After that we have appointed him for the further period of 5 years till 31.03.2019. So, whether we can appoint him for another 5 years starting from 01.04.2019 to 31.03.2024

  3. jyoti sharma says:

    If a Auditor is appointed in a casual vacancy for the FY 2016-2017 till AGM. Should we appoint Auditor in AGM for 5 years or 4 years.(subject to ractification)
    Means till 2021 or 2022?

    Please Reply. Urgent

  4. CA. Shreya Nagar says:

    A private limited company has recently increased its borrowings in excess of Rs. 50 crores but its paid up capital is only Rs. 5 crores.Whether the period of 10 years shall be counted from the date of excessive public borrowings or from the date of appointment for the first time when there was no public borrowings

  5. minal says:

    If the auditor is appointed in the year 2013 and is the sole proprietor and before the expiry of the term is converting itself into partnership firm is he eligibile for extended period of audit

  6. Rahul Kumar Bansal says:

    I have query about appointment of new auditor in AGM. One company auditor whose tenure not finished and not file ADT-3 resign form from company but company not rectify or re-appoint the auditor in AGM, instead this appoint new auditor.

    Please confirm me that a company can apooint new auditor in AGM without filing of ADT-3 by previous auditor.

  7. seema chawla says:

    hello sir,
    i had gone through your article it is really worthy, butplease check the limite of private company turnover is Rs 20 Crores or more in respect of rotation eliguiblity and AT ONE PLACE YOU HAVE MENTIONED RS.100CRORE OR MORE.

    PLS CHECK.

  8. Vinod Chaudhary says:

    Sir?
    What will be consequences , if a pvt ltd co. Fails to appoint first auditor within 90 days of incorporation in EGM of shareholders

  9. Suman says:

    If Old Auditor fails to File ADT-3 BUT Company Aoppointed another auditor and file ADT-1, Then what will happen if old auditor file ADT-3 After filing of ADT-1.
    Please reply.
    Thanks

  10. Anmol Jha says:

    The article lacks concept. Sub-section 1 of section 139 says every co in THE FIRST ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING will appoint auditor. How can a company whose first AGM has happened years before will comply with sub-section 1. Pls read sub-section 6 which clearly indicates that first AGM means THE FIRST AGM after incorporation. Thus 139(1) is not applicable at all to companies whose first AGM has happened before coming into force of C.A., 2013.

  11. Ayush Tayal says:

    Sir,
    Can you please help me to resolve my query, which is
    If our company is unlisted public company having paidup capital of Rs. 5.00 crores & having borrowings of Rs. 5.00 Crores. Whether rotation of companies is applicable on us or not.

  12. sheeba says:

    Sir, Can you please let me know is it necessary to file ADT-1 form for F.Y. 2014-15. Also let me know what are the other additonal forms prescribed for current year by ROC.

  13. Bhawna Daga says:

    An Auditor appointed in casual vacancy(2014-15) till ensuing AGM, the Company is willing to appoint him for a term of 5 years at the ensuing AGM.
    Will the term when he was appointed in casual vacancy for 2014-15 will be counted as a term as required to be filled under ADT-1?

  14. Poonam Aggarwal says:

    Please comment:

    We have just signed Bank branch audit report. All Reports were prepared in bank computers. Our rubber stamps are also lying with the branch head as the work was completed in late night hours. They assured us that they will provide us one complete set for our office record after arranging all documents;

    Now the Head office of the bank is requiring soft copies of the reports. WE requested the branch officials but they postponed the matter. Now they are not connecting.

    We want to know auditors rights after signing the audit report. Auditor is in office until AGM. Auditor has a right to attend the AGM and be heard. Whether same applies to branch auditors;

    We do not want to request them any further. Kindly share with us your views on the auditor’s powers and rights, so that they do not take audit work as just a stamping exercise and not bluntly ignore the auditors;

  15. Poonam Aggarwal says:

    We have just signed Bank branch audit report. All Reports were prepared in bank computers. Our rubber stamps are also lying with the branch head as the work was completed in late night hours. They assured us that they will provide us one complete set for our office record after arranging all documents;

    Now the Head office of the bank is requiring soft copies of the reports. WE requested the branch officials but they postponed the matter. Now they are not connecting.

    We want to know auditors rights after signing the audit report. Auditor is in office until AGM. Auditor has a right to attend the AGM and be heard. Whether same applies to branch auditors;

    We do not want to request them any further. Kindly share with us your views on the auditor’s powers and rights, so that they do not take audit work as just a stamping exercise and not bluntly ignore the auditors;

  16. CA. Ajay Agrawal , Nashik says:

    dear CS Gurminder ,

    i would like to ask for your expert opinion on the issue – that the help file of the ADT-1 states that the ” eForm ADT-1 is required to be filed pursuant to Section 139 (1) of the Companies Act, 2013 and pursuant to rule 4(2) of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014 ” . That means the Appointment of the first auditor does not require to file ADT-1

    but your article states that the form is required to be filed for the First Auditor also.

    Kindly throw the light on the issue- Whether the ADT-1 is required to be filed or not????

  17. Poonam agarwal says:

    Sir,I want to know if the auditor appointed at AGM refuses to accept the same,then what is the procedure to be followed by company to appoint another auditor?

  18. Barun says:

    Can anyone tell me if a private company certificate of incorporation on 31st day of march 2015 when should the first General Meeting for appointing auditor be held??? Pls mail me the reply at cbash63@gmail.com

  19. srishti malhotra says:

    In addition to my query i would like to say that as per “the provisions of 142 the board may fix remuneration of the first auditor APPOINTED BY IT.

  20. srishti malhotra says:

    In addition to my query i would like to say that as per “the provisions of 142 the board may fix remuneration of the first auditor APPOINTED BY IT.so what if the first auditor was appointed by the members due to failure of board

  21. srishti malhotra says:

    Please let me know that who can fix the remuneration of first auditor who as appointed by the members in EGM due to failure of appointment by BOD

  22. Prabhakar says:

    What is the difference between ratification and reappointment of auditor…u/s139(9)
    Do in 2nd year of the term of auditor when he is ratified also mean he is reappointed..??

  23. amit rawat says:

    hi my querty is :-

    if 2 relatives of the CA jointly hold securities which exceed Rs. 1 lakh in a company, then auditor is qualified or disqualified?? as in act it says a person or his relative (not relatives) or partner.

  24. sowmya says:

    Sir,

    please let me know the term for appointment of auditors firm in case of casual vacancy for limited company having paid-up capital of 4crores

  25. padmalal says:

    Sir,

    I had read the article which is very helpful for me for compliance as per company act, 2013. But my query is
    – A company appoint statutory auditor on 1st AGM held on 30.12.2014 till the conclusion of 6th AGM. I had filed ADT- 1 in this year. Now is company required to filed ADT-1 every year? If not to filed ADT-1, how to comply the company act, 2013 for appoint of statutory auditor for subsequent years?

  26. Krishna ahuja says:

    Bc and co is an audit firm having partners mr B,C and A.relative of c is holding securites of mwf ltd having face value of Rs 101000-/
    whether bc and co is disqualified from being appointed as auditors of mwf ltd?

  27. Shrisha says:

    Sir, I have query regarding casual Vacancy that, If auditor expressed unwilling to re appoint as auditor then it leads to resignation of Auditors the term before his 5 years. As it states in 140 the special notice from the members is required before his tenure he expressed unwilling to re appointment, either by removal or Resignation. It become complicated where Auditor not ready to re appointment before his 5 years tenure completion if so,.?

  28. Shravan Patel says:

    Hi, can you please help in in the following case

    Can the casual vacancy arising due to Resignation by the auditor be filled by the appointment of same auditor again? and is it necessary to file within a period of 30 days form ADT-3 with the ROC?

    Thank you in advance

  29. bijal says:

    Sir, as per section 139 (6) if the board fails to appoint a first auditor then powers are with sharshareholders appoint first auditor within 90 days…

    What is the provisions if board and share holders both are failed to appoint the first auditor???

  30. Gurminder Dhami says:

    Dear Shreya,

    Answers to ypur queries are as under:-

    1. Applicability of section 139(1) to existing companies: Yes, this section will apply to all companies in fact no transitional period has been given for this sub-section. Therefore every company has to appoint auditor for 5 years from this ensuing AGM.

    2.In case of auditor continuing for more than 5 years before CA, 2013: If company falls under category which need not require to comply with the provision of rotation, then the existing auditor whether continuing as auditor, say for 12 years, can be appointed as auditor in this ensuing AGM for 5 years.

  31. Shreya Shetty says:

    Hi. Can you please clarify about how is section 139(1) to be applied to a company existing as on commencement of CA 2013. Should it appoint an auditor for a period of 5 years or should it deduct its earlier term from 5 years. Further, what would be the case where an someone has been auditor of the company for 5 or more years already. I am asking this in case of companies where rotation of auditors is not applicable.

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