Advocate Akhilesh Kumar Sah
Carrier Air-conditioning & Refrigeration Ltd. Vs ACIT (ITAT Delhi)
In Carrier Air-conditioning & Refrigeration Ltd. vs. ACIT [ITA No.5244/Del/2015 AY: 2005-06, ITA No.1126/Del/2014 AY: 2009-10, ITA No.728/Del/2015 AY: 2010-11, ITA No.2140/Del/2016 AY: 2011-12 and ITA No.7312/Del/2017 AY: 2013-14, decided on 13.07.2018], the factual panorama of one of the issue was that the assessee claimed deduction of Rs.55,10,000/- on account of improvements on leasehold premises. On perusal of the details and supporting bills, it was observed by the Assessing Officer(AO) that such expenditure was incurred for flooring, construction of cubicles, workstations, wiring and other interior works and for purchase of office furniture. The AO treated this amount as capital expenditure in terms of Explanation 1 to section 32(1) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (for short ‘the Act’). After allowing depreciation @ 10%, he made an addition for the remaining sum. Having not succeeded before the DRP, the assessee has come up before the Tribunal against the confirmation of such an addition.
The learned Members of the ITAT, Delhi heard both the sides and perused the relevant material on record. The A.Y. under consideration involves F.Y. 2008-09, comprising of the period from 1.4.2008 to 31.3.2009. The assessee had placed on record copies of Leave and licence agreements in respect of which the above expenses were incurred, which were also filed before the AO vide its letter dated 29.7.2013. First Agreement was dated 19.08.2008 in respect of Lucknow premises. The second Agreement was dated 1.7.2007 but with the effective date of 1.2.2008. The third Agreement was dated 31.12.2007 in respect of Gurgaon property but with the effective date of 1.2.2008. There was one more agreement dated 13.05.2008 in respect of leasing of Hyderabad property. There was still another lease agreement dated 25.03.2008 in respect of Bangalore property. The assessee stated through the above letter to the AO that the sum of Rs.55.10 lac was incurred in respect of the above leased premises. The learned Members of the ITAT observed that a common filament running through these lease Agreements is that all the properties in question were taken on lease either during the F.Y. under consideration itself or near to the close of the preceding year. When we examine the nature of work carried out in respect of the above premises taken on lease by the assessee, being, flooring, construction of cubicles, workstations, wiring and other interior works and also purchase of furniture, it becomes vivid that such premises were renovated to make them fit for use in its business. In other words, the amount was spent on complete renovation of such premises. The Hon’ble Supreme Court in Ballimal Naval Kishore vs. CIT 1997 224 ITR 414 (SC) has held that the expenditure incurred by the assessee on total renovation of cinema theatre by installing new machinery, new furniture, new sanitary fitting and new electrical installation besides extensive repair of structure of building, to be capital expenditure and not allowable as current repairs. This judgment indicates that any capital expenditure on total renovation is liable to be considered as capital expenditure. The Hon’ble jurisdictional High Court in Bigjo’s India Ltd. vs. CIT (2007) 293 ITR 170 (Del) considered almost a similar situation as is obtaining before us in the present appeal. In that case, the assessee, a licensee of the showroom, erected new counters and built a new lift shaft at a new site. It was held that such amount was not in the nature of current repairs but a capital expenditure, not deductible in full. Ergo, we find that the present facts are on all fours with those considered by the Hon’ble High Court in Bigjo’s (supra). It is evident from the description of the items on which the above referred expenditure has been incurred that it is a case of renovation of premises immediately after taking them on lease. As such, there can be no question of replacement. We, therefore, hold that the authorities below have taken an unimpeachable view in treating the instant amount as a capital expenditure. Reliance of the AR on certain decisions to bring home the deductibility of such expenses is misplaced. In none of these cases, the premises were taken on lease and the expenses were incurred immediately thereafter on renovation for making them fit for use. At this stage, it is relevant to note that the Tax Laws (Amendment and Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1986 inserted Explanation 1 to section 32 w.e.f. 1.4.1988, reading as under : –
“Explanation-1. Where the business or profession of the assessee is carried on in a building not owned by him but in respect of which the assessee holds a lease or other right of occupancy and any capital expenditure is incurred by the assessee for the purposes of the business or profession on the construction of any structure or doing of any work in or in relation to and by way of renovation or extension of, or improvement to the building, then, the provisions of this clause shall apply as if the said structure or work is a building owned by the assessee.”
The learned Members of the ITAT further observed that a circumspection of the above Explanation reveals that where a business is carried on in a building not owned by the assessee but in respect of which it holds a lease or either occupancy rights, then the expenditure on:
i) the construction of a structure; or
ii) doing of any work in or in relation to and by way of renovation or extension of, or improvement to the building, shall be considered as structure or work in the nature of building owned by the assessee for the purpose of depreciation. Spirit and text of Explanation 1 to section 32 is that any capital expenditure by the assessee on a building not owned by him, in which he carries on the business, shall be considered as building owned by him for the purposes of section 32, to the extent of the amounts spent on the construction of structure or doing of any work in or in relation to and by way of renovation or extension or improvement to the building. It therefore, follows that in order to bring any amount within the ambit of Explanation 1 to section 32, it is paramount that the expenditure incurred by the assessee on the premises in the capacity of non-owner should firstly be in the nature of capital expenditure and then it should fall within any of the clauses as discussed above. If these conditions get satisfied, as is the case under consideration, then the amount incurred for such works falls under Explanation 1 to section 32. In other words, the amount so incurred would be capitalized entitling the assessee to depreciation as per the eligible rate. The learned Members of the ITAT held that the facts of the instant case precisely fall within the ambit of Explanation 1 to section 32 and upheld the impugned order treating such amount as capital expenditure, eligible for depreciation.
FULL TEXT OF THE ITAT JUDGMENT
This batch of five appeals relates to the assessment years 2005-06, 2009-10, 2010-11, 2011-12 and 2013-14. Some common points have been raised in these appeals. We are, therefore, proceeding to dispose them off by this consolidated order for the sake of convenience.
Assessment Year 2005-06
2. The only issue raised in this appeal is against the confirmation of addition by the ld. CIT(A) vide his order dated 02.06.2015 on account of transfer pricing adjustment amounting to Rs.5,14,02,502/- made by the Assessing Officer in the Transport segment.
3. The facts of the case, in a nutshell are that the assessee is a wholly owned subsidiary of Carrier Corporation, USA and is engaged in the manufacture, assembly and trading of commercial refrigeration equipments. A return was filed declaring loss of Rs.6.35 crore. Form No. 3CEB was furnished reporting four international transactions. The Assessing Officer (AO) made a reference to the Transfer Pricing Officer (TPO) for determining the arm’s length price (ALP) of these transactions. The TPO, during the course of proceedings, observed that the reported international transactions included `Import of raw materials and components’; `Import of finished goods’; and `Export of finished goods’. The assessee applied Transactional Net Margin Method (TNMM) as the most appropriate method with Profit level indicator (PLI) of Operating Profit to Operating Revenue/cost for demonstrating that these transactions were at ALP. The transactions were reported in four segments, viz., Segment A [Trading and assembly of Transport and Bus refrigeration systems]; Segment B [Manufacturing and export of finished goods for associated enterprises (AEs)]; and Segment-C [Manufacturing for unrelated parties]. There is no dispute as regards the Segment-D relating to Marketing support services. The TPO took up transactions relating to import of raw material and components, import of finished goods and export of manufactured finished goods for consideration. He accepted transactions given in Segment-B, namely, Refrigeration transactions relating to AEs, at ALP. For demonstrating that the international transactions under Segment-A, being, Transport, were at ALP, the assessee considered Segment-C, namely, Refrigeration (non-AEs) only as internal comparable and its PLI as a benchmark. The TPO held that the nature of work carried out by the assessee in Segment-A was different from that done under Segment-C and hence the functions relating to Transport could not be compared with the functions carried out in Refrigeration (non-AEs) segment. It was so opined, inter alia, on the basis of the assessee itself differentiating its line of business under the Transport and Refrigeration (non-AEs) segments by treating them separately. The TPO further did not accept the comparability of Refrigeration (non-AE) segment with Transport segment by noticing that the Transport segment consisted of Truck refrigeration systems and Bus air-conditioning systems, whereas Refrigeration division comprised of Commercial refrigeration. He, therefore, refused to accept Segment–C as comparable. Thereafter, he carried out a search process himself and found out one comparable, namely, Subros Ltd. The assessee was show-caused on this comparable. In reply, the assessee submitted that Subros Ltd. was functionally not comparable with the assessee’s business in Segment-A. Not convinced, the TPO applied the OP/OR of Subors Ltd. at 5.57% as benchmark and computed transfer pricing adjustment amounting to Rs.5. 14 crore. No relief was allowed in the first appeal, against which the assessee has approached the Tribunal.
4. We have heard both the sides and perused the relevant material on record. It is observed that the assessee’s case for the immediately succeeding assessment year, namely, 2006-07 came up for consideration before the Tribunal. Vide order dated 12.02.2016 in ITA No. 5123/Del/2010, the Tribunal found that the main issue was of comparability of the Refrigeration (non-AE) segment with the Transport segment. It noticed that the Transport segment dealt with cooling of all movable systems, such as, bus, trucks and containers; whereas Refrigeration segment dealt with cooling of immovable properties, such as, cold rooms, breezers and vizi coolers. It further noticed that the products in Segment-C were assembled/manufactured from raw materials and components procured from unrelated parties. It also considered the findings returned by the TPO who found that there was no internal comparable under Segment-A, being, Transport segment and the assessee’s application of PLI given in Segment-C relating to Refrigeration (non-AE) segment was not acceptable. In the absence of sufficient discussion in the order of the TPO about the functional profile of the relevant two segments, the Tribunal restored the matter to the AO/TPO with a direction to have opinion of some technical experts on the functions performed by the assessee under these two segments for finding out similarity/dissimilarity between them. The ld. AR submitted that pursuant to such an order passed by the Tribunal, the assessee filed expert technical opinion of Shri Pawanexh Kohli in support of its contention that there was no functional difference between the two segments and, contrary to that, the Officer sought report from Valuation officer, which held otherwise. It was submitted that the Assessing Officer/TPO have held the two segments different by relying on the report of the Valuation officer.
5. In so far as the facts of the instant year are concerned, we, again, find that the primary controversy remains the same as to whether Refrigeration (non-AE) segment is comparable with Transport segment. Again, we find that there is not much discussion in the assessment order on the functions, assets and risks in the two segments of the assessee. The ld. AR submitted that the additional evidence should be considered and the matter should be decided by the Tribunal. The ld. DR strongly opposed the submission made on behalf of the assessee by urging that it was not clear if the facts for the assessment year 2006-07 were similar or different from those for the year under consideration. He further stated that the reports submitted by the experts need to be examined by the AO/TPO on the touchstone of the facts prevailing for the assessment year in question.
6. In the given facts and circumstances, we are of the opinion that the assessee’s application for additional evidence including expert technical opinion provided by the assessee and the report of the Valuation Officer need to be examined at the end of the TPO/AO on the facts relevant for the year under consideration. Even if the AO/TPO has found the additional evidence as supporting the Departmental view for the A.Y. 2006-07, that does not per se operate as res judicata for other years. The facts of each year need to be separately examined in the light of the additional evidence before jumping to any conclusion. Reliance of the ld. AR on the decision of the Tribunal in the case of Zuari Leasing and Finance Corpn. Ltd. (2008) 112 ITD 205(Del) (TM) for the proposition that the Tribunal should not send the matter back and decide the issue itself, is misplaced. In that case, the restoration was held to be not justified on the strength of material which was already available on record at the assessment stage. Extantly, we are concerned with additional evidence which has not been examined by the AO/TPO in the light of the facts for the relevant year. Our view in restoring that matter to the AO/TPO for a fresh adjudication of this issue is fortified by the judgment of the Hon’ble Calcutta High Court in CIT vs. Trimline Vyapaar Ltd. (2015) 370 ITR 373 (Cal) in which it has been held that additional evidence cannot be permitted to be adduced without making an opportunity to the AO. In that case, the Tribunal decided the issue in assessee’s favour by relying on additional evidence without confronting it to the AO. The Tribunal order was set aside by holding that consideration of additional evidence, without giving any opportunity to the AO to examine the same, is gross violation of principles of natural justice. The SLP filed by the assessee against the judgment of the Hon’ble Calcutta High Court has been dismissed by the Hon’ble Supreme Court, since reported at (2015) 378 ITR 34 (St.). Taking a holistic view of the matter, we set aside the impugned order and remit the matter to the file of AO/TPO for deciding this issue afresh in the light of the additional evidence which the assessee has filed before the Tribunal.
7. In the result, the appeal is allowed for statistical purposes.
Assessment Year 2009-10
8. The assail in this appeal is to the legal tenability of the final assessment order dated 19.12.2013 passed by the Assessing Officer u/s 143(3) read with section 144C of the Income-tax Act, 1961 (hereinafter also called `the Act’). The first issue is against the transfer pricing addition amounting to Rs.7,56,79,236/-.
9. Succinctly, the factual scenario is that the assessee filed its return declaring income of Rs. 54.20 crore. The assessee also furnished Form No. 3CEB reporting certain international transactions. The Assessing Officer made a reference to the TPO for determining the ALP of such transactions. The TPO noticed that the assessee company carried on its business through certain segments, viz., Transport, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning. It also rendered Marketing support services. The dispute in the instant appeal is only in respect of transfer pricing addition made in Transport segment. The assessee employed the TNMM as the most appropriate method with PLI of Operating profit/Operating Revenue. The assessee segregated its revenue and operating costs in different segments and thus deduced segment-wise operating profits. That is how, it computed OP/OR in Transport segment at (-)12.81%. For demonstrating that the international transaction of Transport segment was at arm’s length price, the assessee considered OP/OR of Refrigeration (non-AE) segment at (-)15.48% as a sole internal comparable. The TPO did not accept the assessee’ s transfer pricing analysis. He held that the Refrigeration segment was functionally distinct from the Transport segment, as were segregated by the assessee itself in its Transfer pricing study report. He further found out certain functional differences between the two segments. In addition, risks in Transport and Refrigeration (non-AE) segments were also found to be different. The TPO also held that the bifurcation of operating expenses between AE and non-AE segments of Refrigeration was not reliable. He, therefore, refused to accept the asses see’s benchmarking approach. A fresh search process was carried out by the TPO, who found five companies as comparable, namely, Frick India Ltd., Patels Airtemp (India) Ltd., Sanden Vikas (India) Ltd., Subros Ltd. and Voltas Ltd. Mean OP/Sales ratio of such five comparables was determined at 6.75%, which was considered as arm’s length margin. Applying this PLI to the revenues of Rs.43.47 crore in the assessee’s Transport segment, the TPO worked out transfer pricing adjustment of Rs.8,50,26,705/-. The assessee objected to the draft order proposed by the Assessing Officer incorporating the transfer pricing adjustment before the Dispute Resolution Panel (DRP). The Panel held that the TPO was right in ignoring Refrigeration (non-AE) segment for benchmarking the international transaction of the Transport segment. Out of five comparables chosen by the TPO, the DRP directed to exclude Patels Airtemp (India) Ltd. from the list of comparables. The Assessing Officer eventually made transfer pricing addition of Rs.7,56,79,236/- in the international transaction of Transport segment, against which the assessee has come up in appeal before the Tribunal.
10. The assessee has filed an application under rule 29 of the Income–tax Appellate Tribunal Rules, 1963 for this year as well requesting to admit additional evidence, namely, expert technical opinion of Mr. Pawanexh Kohli, report submitted by the Valuation Officer and order passed by the TPO for the assessment year 2006-07 (post-remand proceedings) etc. The ld. AR contended that the expert technical opinion given by Shri Pawanexh Kohli amply brings out that there is no functional difference between the assessee’s Transport segment and Refrigeration (non-AE) segment. He insisted that the Tribunal should decide the issue at its own without remitting the matter to the AO/TPO. It was emphasized that the situation for the A.Ys. 2009-10 onwards was different from that for the A.Ys. 2005- 06 and 2006-07 inasmuch as the TPO did not discuss the functional profile of the assessee under the Transport and Refrigeration (Non-AE) segments at great length and simply refused to accept the internal comparable, being Refrigeration (Non-AE) segment at the threshold, for the A.Y. 2005-06 and 2006-07, but he carried out full functional and risk analysis of both the segments for the A.Ys. 2009-10 onwards and thereafter reached the conclusion that the Refrigeration (non-AE) segment was not a fit comparable for the Transport segment.
11. Au contraire, the ld. DR submitted that the additional evidence filed by the assessee for the first time can’t be taken note of by the Tribunal without confronting it to the AO/TPO and hence the matter should be sent back, as has been done by the Tribunal for the A.Y. 2006-07, which order has attained finality.
12. The ld. AR was advised that in case he wanted the Tribunal to decide the matter at its own, observing departure from the view taken by it for the A.Y. 2006-07, then he should not press for consideration of the additional evidence as it amounts to violation of the principles of natural justice qua the Revenue. He not only insisted on going ahead with the matter on merits independently, but also refused to take back his application for additional evidence, thereby taking conflicting stands. Though initially we were not in favour of rendering any finding on merits at this stage, which may influence the decision of the authorities below for other years, but it was due to the ld. AR’s insistence, that we took up the matter on merits. This is how, we examined the relevant material in the light of arguments advanced.
13. The assessee has drawn a combined Profit & Loss Account, a copy of which is available on page 157 of the paper book. It can be seen from such Profit & Loss Account that the income as well as the expenses of all the segments are shown in common. Page 173 of the paper book is continuation of the Annual report, which contains segmental reporting. Though the revenues in respect of Refrigeration, Transport and Air-conditioning segments have been shown distinctly, but all the operating and other expenses are common under the head ‘Total’, which figures have been taken from the Profit and Loss account. In other words, the assessee has maintained accounts on entity level and not on segment level. Page 87 of the paper book is a summary of segment-wise operating margins drawn by the assessee for the year, which has been prepared by allocating expenses in certain ratios. There is no reference to any such ratios in such computation. A summary of the so-called segment-wise operating income and operating costs etc. was given by the assessee to the TPO, which has been captured on page 3 of his order, as under:-
