Monetary policy transmission is a process through which monetary policy decisions affect the economy in general and the price level in particular. It is a complex process, wherein the transmission of policy actions to market interest rates and further to real sector may proceed through several channels. Therefore, monetary policy transmission mechanism is still considered to be a “black box”. In this context, this paper, using SVAR models on quarterly data for 1996-97:1 to 2011-12:1, examines the relative importance of various transmission channels of monetary policy to output growth and inflation in India.
The Mission statement indicates RBI’s renewed commitment towards providing a safe, efficient, accessible, inclusive, interoperable and authorised payment and settlement systems for the country. Payments systems will be driven by customer demands of convenience, ease of use and access that will impel the necessary convergence in innovative e-payment products and capabilities.
DIC Asia Pacific Pte Ltd vs. ADIT Article 2(1) of the applicable tax treaty provides that the taxes covered shall include tax and surcharge thereon. Once we come to the conclusion that education cess is nothing but an additional surcharge, it is only corollary thereto that the education cess will also be covered by the scope of Article 2. Accordingly, the provisions of Article 11 and 12 must find precedence over the provisions of the Income Tax Act and restrict the taxability, whether in respect of income tax or surcharge or additional surcharge – whatever name called, at the rates specified in the respective article.
It is a fact that the assessee was employed as ‘Service Provider’ and during the period under dispute he was providing the service from Bangalore in India. As per the Co¬operation agreement dated 14.12.2004 entered into between the assessee and the Polish Company, the function of the assessee was ‘to support establishing and preparing organization of the company’s representative office in India by the date of 31st May 2005’. We are of the view that the function to support establishing and preparing organization can at best be termed as a management function but cannot be equated with ‘Top Level Managerial Position’.
Delhi High Court has upheld that ‘payment on account of goodwill is similar to assets like patents, copyrights, trademarks, licences referred to in the definition of the block of assets in the senses that the function of all these assets is to restrict their misuse and to earn maximum profits in the business. The function of goodwill acquired by the assessee also is the same in view of the fact that it maximizes the profits of the company. Since the function of intangibles defined in the Act and the intangible acquired by the assessee is the same, the assets are similar. Therefore, the assessee’s goodwill being a valuable commercial asset similar to other intangibles specified in the definition of block of assets is eligble to depreciation’.
A hedge fund is a private, largely unregulated pool of capital whose managers can buy or sell any assets, bet on falling as well as rising assets and participate substantially in profits from money invested. It charges both a performance fee and a management fee. An investment fund must be open to a limited number of accredited investors in order to be exempt from direct regulation. There is no legal definition for “hedge fund” under Indian securities law and regulations.
Double taxation is the imposition of two or more taxes on the same income (in the case of income taxes), asset (in the case of capital taxes), or financial transaction (in the case of sales taxes). It refers to two distinct situations: Taxation of divided income without relief or credit for taxes paid by the company paying the dividend on the income from which the dividend is paid.
Service tax on passenger travel and freight was introduced in the general budget for 2009-10, but was kept on hold due to the then Railway Minister Mamata Banerjee’s opposition. The exemption has been extended since then on quarterly basis but this time the Finance Ministry has decided to exclude freight charges and AC rail travel from the negative list, which gets service tax exemption.
It has been decided to phase out short term subordinated debt (Tier-III bonds) as an eligible source of capital for standalone PDs. Accordingly, PDs should not raise fresh funds through issuance of Tier-III bonds with effect from July 1, 2012.
e-Voting is voting through an electronic system where shareholders can vote on resolutions of companies requiring voting through Postal Ballot as per extant rules and regulations without having the necessity of sending their votes through post. Ministry of Corporate Affairs has authorised NSDL for setting up an electronic platform to facilitate shareholders to cast vote in electronic form. Accordingly, NSDL has set-up an electronic infrastructure to facilitate shareholders to cast votes in electronic form through internet.
