books of account

Section 69 does not provide any guideline about the extent and length of the discretionary power given to AO in the matter of treating the investment as income which is unexplained or unsatisfactorily explained by the investor-assessee. Therefore, Assessing Officer is expected to appreciate the reasonable explanation offered to him, the evidences produced before him about the nature and source of investment and he can not make the addition merely on surmises, conjectures.. Full Article

Despite the clear regulations in the Companies Act, 1956 as to how every Company should record its transactions, maintain books of account and should submit the approved Financial Statements with the ROC, financial transactions in some closely held companies would be really interesting to note and dealing with the cases of this kind would really be very complicated. The logic behind the settled accounting principles, the provisions of Companies Act, 1956 dealing with mai.. Full Article

and contributed by the assessee to a firm towards capital contribution should be treated as stock in trade even during the course of making the transaction of transferring or contributing the land to the partnership firm as capital contribution, the surplus arising to the assessee from the said transaction of contributing stock in trade to a firm shall then assessable under the head "business" in the view of the colourable device or ruse adopted by the assessee to conver.. Full Article

The Delhi High Court (HC) [2010-TIOL­42-HC-DEL-IT] in the case of CIT v. Industrial Finance Corporation of India (Taxpayer) which held that the difference between forward rate and exchange rate prevailing on the date of entering into forward contracts is fully allowable as deduction even if the difference is amortized in the books of account over the life of the forward contracts. Full Article

The income from investment activity was offered as capital gains while the income from dealing activity was offered as business income. This position was accepted by the AO in the earlier years. In AY 2005-06, the AO took a different view and held that even the shares held on investment account had to be assessed as business income. The Tribunal allowed the assessee’s appeal (see 122 TTJ (Mum) 87). On appeal by the Revenue, HELD dismissing the appeal: Full Article

For claiming any debt as a bad debt, one has to satisfy following two conditions :(1) Debt is written off as bad debt in the Profit and Loss Account by making corresponding entry in the party account. (2) Debt is taken in to account in computing the income of the assessee of the previous year in which debt is written off or in earlier previous year. Full Article

It would depend upon facts of each case whether all the three ingredients to discharge the onus to prove cash credit have been proved by the assessee or not; if an NRI, engaged in business of real estate development with substantial means, decided to invest in real estate in India, genuineness of same cannot be doubted unless there is any evidence to contrary. Full Article

The burden of proving an understatement or concealment is on the revenue; this burden may be discharged by the revenue by establishing facts and circumstances from which a reasonable inference can be drawn that the assessee has not correctly declared or disclosed the consideration received by him and there is an understatement or concealment of the consideration in respect of the transfer. Full Article