Since the all new GST (a biggest tax reform) is going to roll out soon, there are various questions floating in our minds, the most important among them is how to determine value of supply under GST? What is to be included in the value of taxable supply on which the GST will be calculated?
In this write-up, provisions related to valuation of supply of goods or services are being covered with illustrations.
Valuation of supply of goods or services, covers the following aspects:
Consideration is not wholly in money
Where the supply of goods or services is for a consideration not wholly in money, the value of the supply shall,
- be the open market value of such supply;
- if open market value is not available, be the sum total of consideration in money and any such further amount in money as is equivalent to the consideration not in money if such amount is known at the time of supply
- if the value of supply is not determinable under clause (a) or clause (b), be the value of supply of goods or services or both of like kind and quality;
- if value is not determinable under clause (a) or clause (b) or clause (c), be the sum total of consideration in money and such further amount in money that is equivalent to consideration not in money as determined by application of rule 4 or rule 5 in that order.
| Illustration
(1) Suppose a new phone is supplied for INR 15,000 along with the exchange of an old phone and if the price of the new phone without exchange is INR 20,000, then the open market value of the new phone shall be INR 20,000 (2) Suppose a laptop is supplied for Rs.40000 along with a barter of printer that is manufactured by the recipient and the value of the printer known at the time of supply is Rs.4000 but the open market value of the laptop is not known, the value of the supply of laptop is Rs.44000. |
Related Parties
The value of the supply of goods or services or both between distinct persons as specified in sub-section (4) and (5) of section 25 or where the supplier and recipient are related, other than where the supply is made through an agent, shall,-
- be the open market value of such supply;
- if open market value is not available, be the value of supply of goods or services of like kind and quality
- if value is not determinable under clause (a) or (b), be the value as determined by application of rule 4 or rule 5, in that order:
If goods are intended for further supply as such by the recipient, the value shall, at the option of the supplier, be an amount equivalent to ninety percent of the price charged for the supply of goods of like kind and quality by the recipient to his customer not being a related person
Provided that where the recipient is eligible for full input tax credit, the value declared in the invoice shall be deemed to be the open market value of goods or services.
In other words, the GST rules allow companies to pay tax on 90% of the price at which the recipient entity supplies the goods further or any value derived through methodology chosen by it as against 100% under the current excise laws.
| As per sub-section (4) and (5) of section 25, Distinct persons are:
– A person who has obtained or is required to obtain more than one registration, whether in one State or Union territory or more than one State or Union territory shall, in respect of each such registration, be treated as distinct persons for the purposes of this Act. – Where a person who has obtained or is required to obtain registration in a State or Union territory in respect of an establishment, has an establishment in another State or Union territory, then such establishments shall be treated as establishments of distinct persons for the purposes of this Act. |
Agent is involved
The value of supply of goods between the principal and his agent shall,-
- be the open market value of the goods being supplied, or at the option of the supplier, be ninety percent of the price charged for the supply of goods of like kind and quality by the recipient to his customer not being a related person, where the goods are intended for further supply by the said recipient;
| Illustration If a principal supplies groundnut to his agent and the agent is supplying groundnuts of like kind and quality in subsequent supplies at a price of INR 5000 per quintal on the day of supply. Another independent supplier is supplying groundnuts of like kind and quality to the said agent at the price of INR 4550 per quintal. The value of the supply made by the principal shall be INR 4550 per quintal or where he exercises the option the value shall be 90% of the INR 5000 i.e. is INR 4500 per quintal. |
- where the value of a supply is not determinable from above, the same shall be determined by application of rule 4 or rule 5 in that order.
| Rule 4 of Transaction Value & Valuation Rule under GST
Value of supply of goods or services or both based on cost Where the value of a supply of goods or services or both is not determinable by any of the preceding rules, the value shall be one hundred and ten percent of the cost of production or manufacture or cost of acquisition of such goods or cost of provision of such services. Rule 5 Residual method for determination of value of supply of goods or services or both Where the value of supply of goods or services or both cannot be determined from above rules, the same shall be determined using reasonable means consistent with the principles and general provisions of section 15 and these rules: Provided that in case of supply of services, the supplier may opt for this rule, disregarding rule 4. |
Pure Agent
Notwithstanding anything contained in these rules, the expenditure or costs incurred by a supplier as a pure agent of the recipient of supply shall be excluded from the value of supply, if all the following conditions are satisfied, namely:-
(i) the supplier acts as a pure agent of the recipient of the supply, when he makes payment to the third party on authorization by such recipient;
(ii) the payment made by the pure agent on behalf of the recipient of supply has been separately indicated in the invoice issued by the pure agent to the recipient of service; and
(iii) the supplies procured by the pure agent from the third party as a pure agent of the recipient of supply are in addition to the services he supplies on his own account. Explanation . – For the purposes of this rule, “pure agent” means a person who – (a) enters into a contractual agreement with the recipient of supply to act as his pure agent to incur expenditure or costs in the course of supply of goods or services or both; (b) neither intends to hold nor holds any title to the goods or services or both so procured or supplied as pure agent of the recipient of supply; (c) does not use for his own interest such goods or services so procured; and (d) receives only the actual amount incurred to procure such goods or services in addition to the amount received for supply he provides on his own account .
| Illustration Suppose a Corporate services firm A is engaged to handle the legal work pertaining to the incorporation of Company B. Other than its service fees, A also recovers from B, registration fee and approval fee for the name of the company paid to Registrar of the Companies. The fees charged by the Registrar of the companies registration and approval of the name are compulsorily levied on B. A is merely acting as a pure agent in the payment of those fees. Therefore, A’s recovery of such expenses is a disbursement and not part of the value of supply made by A to B. |
Other cases
1. Purchase or sale of foreign currency
The value of supply of services in relation to purchase or sale of foreign currency, including money changing, shall be determined by the supplier of service in the following manner:-
(a) For a currency, when exchanged from, or to, Indian Rupees (INR), the value shall be equal to the difference in the buying rate or the selling rate, as the case may be, and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) reference rate for that currency at that time, multiplied by the total units of currency:
Provided that in case where the RBI reference rate for a currency is not available, the value shall be 1% of the gross amount of Indian Rupees provided or received by the person changing the money:
Provided further that in case where neither of the currencies exchanged is Indian Rupee, the value shall be equal to 1% of the lesser of the two amounts the person changing the money would have received by converting any of the two currencies into Indian Rupee on that day at the reference rate provided by RBI.
Provided also that a person supplying the services may exercise option to ascertain value in terms of clause (b) for a financial year and such option shall not be withdrawn during the remaining part of that financial year.
(b) At the option of supplier of services, the value in relation to supply of foreign currency, including money changing, shall be deemed to be:
- one per cent. of the gross amount of currency exchanged for an amount up to one lakh rupees, subject to a minimum amount of two hundred and fifty rupees;
- one thousand rupees and half of a per cent. of the gross amount of currency exchanged for an amount exceeding one lakh rupees and up to ten lakh rupees; and
- five thousand and five hundred rupees and one tenth of a per cent. of the gross amount of currency exchanged for an amount exceeding ten lakh rupees, subject to maximum amount of sixty thousand rupees.
2. Booking of tickets for travel by air
The value of supply of services in relation to booking of tickets for travel by air provided by an air travel agent, shall be deemed to be an amount calculated at the rate of five percent. of the basic fare in the case of domestic bookings, and at the rate of ten per cent. of the basic fare in the case of international bookings of passage for travel by air.
3. Life Insurance Business
The value of supply of services in relation to life insurance business shall be:
(a) the gross premium charged from a policy holder reduced by the amount allocated for investment, or savings on behalf of the policy holder, if such amount is intimated to the policy holder at the time of supply of service;
(b) in case of single premium annuity policies other than (a), ten per cent. of single premium charged from the policy holder; or
(c) in all other cases, twenty five per cent. of the premium charged from the policy holder in the first year and twelve and a half per cent. of the premium charged from policy holder in subsequent years:
Provided that nothing contained in this sub-rule shall apply where the entire premium paid by the policy holder is only towards the risk cover in life insurance.
4. Buying and selling of second hand goods
Where a taxable supply is provided by a person dealing in buying and selling of second hand goods i.e. used goods as such or after such minor processing which does not change the nature of the goods and where no input tax credit has been availed on purchase of such goods the value of supply shall be the difference between the selling price and purchase price and where the value of such supply is negative it shall be ignored:
Provided that the purchase value of goods repossessed from a defaulting borrower, who is not registered, for the purpose of recovery of a loan or debt shall be deemed to be the purchase price of such goods by the defaulting borrower reduced by five percentage points for every quarter or part thereof, between the date of purchase and the date of disposal by the person making such repossession.
| The rate of exchange for determination of value of taxable goods or services or both shall be the applicable reference rate for that currency as determined by the Reserve Bank of India on the date of time of supply in respect of such supply |
Hope this information will help you in your Professional endeavors. For further assistance/query, feel free to write to us.
Author: C S Ekta Maheshwari is the Author of this article and is Company Secretary by profession. The Author can be reached at csektamaheshwari14@gmail.com
Disclaimer: The entire contents of this article is solely for information purpose and have been prepared on the basis of relevant provisions and as per the information existing at the time of the preparation.. It doesn’t constitute professional advice or a formal recommendation. The author has undertook utmost care to disseminate the true and correct view and doesn’t accept liability for any errors or omissions. You are kindly requested to verify & confirm the updates from the genuine sources before acting on any of the information’s provided herein above.
Author Bio
Dear sir, I will be much obliged if you could kindly arrange to inform me about the under what category, it will come, when a company works as “job worker”(getting jobs from a company and returning back to them after machining the jobs–Conversion work only). The details can be sent to my mailid ” chith1954@gmail.com“. Thanking you.