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R. Kumar, B.Com. MBA (Finance)

There are two types of inter-State sales. An inter-State sale contemplated by clause (b) is one, which is effected by transfer of documents of title to the goods during their movement from one state to another. Where the property in the goods has passed before the movement has commenced, sale will evidently not fall with in clause (b). The dividing line between sale or purchases under section 3(a) and those under section 3(b) is that in the former the movement of the goods is under the contract of sale or purchases but in the latter the contract comes into existence after commencement and before termination of the inter-State movement of the goods. Sale taxable as falling in clause (a) of section 3 will be excluded from purview of  clause (b) of that section. In other words clause (a) contemplates a sale where under the contract of sale the goods sold are moved from one state to another. Clause (b) on the other hand contemplates a sale where the property in the goods sold passes by transfer of document of title during the movement of the goods from one state to another.

The whole section 3 read as under:

3. When is a sale or purchase of goods said to take place in the course of inter-state trade or commerce — A sale or, purchase of goods shall be deemed to take place in the course of interstate trade or commerce if the sale or purchase—

a. occasion the movement of goods from one State to another; or

b. is effected by a transfer of documents of title to the goods during their movement from one State to another….” 

 Sec. 6 (2) of CST Act says when goods are in movement from one state to other in pursuance a contract of sale, then any subsequent sale effected by transfer of documents during such movement shall be exempt from CST.

The first requirement of a subsequent sale under section 6(2) is that it must have a relative prior sale “in the course of inter-state trade or commerce” which had (a) either occasioned the movement of such goods from one state to another, or (b) was effected by transfer of document of title of such goods during their movement from one state to another. In other words, a movement of the goods in pursuance to a prior sale is the first pre-requisite of a ‘subsequent sale’ contemplated by section 6(2) for enjoyment of exemption.

e.g.  1.) A of Delhi Orders B of Haryana to sell and dispatch to Delhi 50 bags of black paper. B dispatches the goods and send the railway receipt to A. In the mean time, A had sold identical quantity of same goods to C of Delhi. Instead of himself taking delivery of goods from railway and then delivering those goods to C at Delhi, A transfer to C the railway receipt which was sent to him by B. The sale by A to C is an inter-state sale because it was effected by a transfer of document of title, viz. railway receipt. If C is registered dealer, the sale from A to C may enjoy exemption from tax on fulfillment of other conditions of section 6(2), e.g. The production by A of prescribed certificate and/ or declaration etc.

The dealer had entered into a contract with a supplier in the same state and had furnished ‘C’ form to the supplier and directed him to deliver the goods to the petitioner’s customer in another State. It had obtained forms E1 forms its supplier and C form from customer state.

Under section 6(2), the second sale so effected by the petitioner was to be exempted and the petitioner was entitled to that exemption as in respect of those transactions, form E1 from the supplier and C forms from customer had been produced.

2.) A of Delhi has sold goods to B of Calcutta. The goods are dispatched by lorry and L.R. is taken out by A (Delhi) where in A is consignor and B (Calcutta) is consignee. If before taking delivery from transporter, B decides to sell his goods to ‘C’ of M.P., he can simply endorse the L.R. in name of ‘C’ and sale will be complete. This is the second or subsequent interstate sale in the course of same movement. In this case A must have charged 3% CST in his bill. Being a second interstate sale affected by B to C, B is equally liable to pay CST. However the intention of government is not to levy multiple taxes on sale taking place in one course of movement. Therefore subsequent sale is given exemption. However it is subject to production of given forms.      

Conditions:-

According to provision of CST,1956 second and subsequent sale are exempt from levy of Central Sales Tax if following conditions are fulfilled:

a)    The first sale has been an Inter State Sale.

b)    Subsequent sale has been effected by transfer of document of title of goods.

c)    Subsequent sale has been effected during the movement of goods from one state to another.

d)    Subsequent sale is made to a registered dealer.

e)    In case of subsequent sale made to registered dealer same must be supported by Form C issued by purchaser.

f)     The selling dealer gets form from dealer from whom he had purchased the goods a certificate in Form E1 or EII.

g)    The selling dealer has issued Form C to the supplier.

Documentation:-

1. Challan:-

Use Supplier challan With regard to E1 sales/ sales by way of endorsement of document while the goods were in   transit.

2. Company LPO or Sub-supplier:-

a)    Consignee name need to be mentioned as Consignee, Address A/c Company Name(i.e. First Buyer).

b)    Sales Tax clause in LPO should clearly mentioned 3% against form C & E1.

c)    Clear dispatch instruction to the sub-supplier for consignor and consignee and all LR’s, GR’s etc. shall be made as under.

Consignor    “Sub-supplier”

Consignee   “First Buyer

Or

Ultimate client A/c Company Name (First Buyer)

d)    Dispatch document shall be endorsed by Company Name (i.e. First Buyer) in favour of and customer in the following manner:

Please deliver to the order of ……………….Company Name(i.e. First Buyer).

Authorised Signatory

3. Billing Instruction:-

i. Sub-supplier’s invoice should be raised on Company Name(i.e. First Buyer) office address of the state where goods will be delivered.

ii. Company Name (i.e. First Buyer) will inform CST Registration Certificate Number of destination state to the Sub-supplier which should be mentioned by Sub-supplier on all documents issued by them.

iii. Should be accounted in the state whose ‘C’ form is utilised.

Conclusion

Now it is clear that sale effected by transfer of documents of title of goods is eligible for exemption u/s 6(2). Final buyer can save up to three percent tax in same.

Case Reference:

  • Bombay High Court vs. Chhaganial Savchand (62 ITR 133)
  • State of Gujarat vs. Haridas Muiki Thakker (84 STC 317)
  • Fatechand Chatubhudas vs. State of Maharashtra ( S.A. 894 of 1990 dated 12-8-1991) decided by Maharashtra Sales Tax Tribunal
  • Duvent Fans P. Ltd. Vs. State of Tamil Nadu (113 STC 431)

(Author can be reached at sunraj.18@rediffmail.com)

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22 Comments

  1. Meet says:

    This is clarified that if the sale falls under provisions of 3a/b and 6(2), then CST will not be levied for the final purchaser. But what about VAT?

    Can the last sale in the chain be taxable under state VAT if the final purchaser and the prior purchaser are both in the same state? (Example 1 in the article).

  2. Sudhanshu says:

    The dealer had entered into a contract with a supplier in the same state and had furnished ‘C’ form to the supplier and directed him to deliver the goods to the petitioner’s customer in another State. It had obtained forms E1 forms its supplier and C form from customer state Under section 6(2), the second sale so effected by the petitioner was to be exempted and the petitioner was entitled to that exemption as in respect of those transactions, form E1 from the supplier and C forms from customer had been produced………..according to theses lines you are saying that first sale could be ………….local state sale but it is mentioned in act subsequent sale should be done at the time of inter state movement of goods which means the first sale must be inter state sale ……….dear sir plz elaborate these lines

  3. MANISH SHARMA says:

    SIR HAME MAL MAGWANA HAI HARYANA TO NOIDA MAL DELVERY HOGA THIRD PARTY NOIDA NOIDA TO NOIDA VAT 14% BILLING HAI TO HUM VAT BACHANE KE LEYE KASE BILLING KARY PLS. REPLY ME

  4. SHANKAR TODI says:

    ‘A’ JUTE MILL OF CALCUTTA (W.B.) Registered company with sales tax
    ‘B’ TRADER OF CALCUTTA (W.B.) Registered sales tax dealer
    ‘C’ CONSUMER OF NAGPUR (M.R.) Registered company with sales tax
    >> we are ‘B’ PURCHASED FROM ‘A’ AND SEND THE SAME TO ‘C’ AS Subsequent Sale (Sale in Transit) under CST Act, 1956.

    Please tel us for documents prepare and E1 & c form issuer and receiver

  5. Naresh says:

    A (in NAGPUR) has to dispatch goods to C (in HYDERABAD) but Invoice Done on B B(in BANGALORE, KARNATAKA).

    C(in HYDERABAD) wants to RETURN some of the goods to B B(in BANGALORE, KARNATAKA).
    B(in BANGALORE, KARNATAKA) wants to sell the goods to D(in HUBLI, KARNATAKA) which will be sent by C(in HYDERABAD).

    Please suggest what procedure to adopt in the above case. ASAP

  6. HARSH says:

    what if the end user wants to avail excise credit in sale in transit how can manufacturer / First stage dealer prepare Excise Invoice. Because in your other article for excise invoice you have mentioned that to avail excise credit manufacture should prepare excise invoice as first stage dealer as Buyer and end user as consignee..

  7. Sanjay says:

    Dear sir,
    If A of Pune order B of Gujrat and ask him to deliver the material to C in Gujrat.

    How it can be treated in E-1 sale transaction.

  8. Bisla says:

    V Good article on sale in transit. pl further clarify whether and how the name of ultimate buyer may not be disclosed to the first supplier and the value of goods mentioned/given by first supplier may not be disclosed to the ultimate buyer.

  9. Surendra Singh says:

    We are registered dealer in Delhi we had purchase goods from Silvasa under C-Form, now we again sale the goods in Silvasa, Please confirm it is covered under sale in transit.

  10. B R Maurya says:

    A Goverment company (Meghalaya based) has placed order to a dealer (Karnatka based) to purchase machineries. Dealer purchase the said machineries from a manufacturer/dealer (Andhra based. Please guide wheter CST is enxempted on tranaction/sale effected to dealer (Karnataka based) to governemtn company (Meghalaya based) and compulsaory documents required.

  11. S.Girimurugan says:

    Sir, Based at Salem – Tamilnadu, I am purchasing equipment from Bangalore for which I am paying Excise Duty & VAT 2% against C form and I am billing that equipment with my profit and TN VAT 14.5 % to Granite manufacturing industry (100% EOU)in Tamilnadu.
    I am planning to make it as E1 Sale (Sale in transit process) since I am not taking delivery of the goods.
    In this case
    What are all the taxes will be charged me by my supplier when I am purchasing?
    How I can add my profit?
    How can I bill it to my buyer?
    Should I add any tax in addition to my profit?
    Should I mark my invoice as E1 Sale?

    And
    In E1 sale, is there any provisions to get Excise Duty exemption for buyer since the buyer is 100% EOU manufacturer. Buyer has been claiming ED exemptions for other kind of machinery purchase. My supplier and buyer are registered with Excise. But I am not a registered one.

  12. kamal chakraborty says:

    is it possible to issue one single declaration form c agst sales made by two dealers say 4th dealers form two states i.e through the 3rd dealer to the 2nd dealer for delivery to 1st dealer under e-1/e/11 sales condition. now the 2nd dealer if issue one single form c agst all the transaction and demand e1 and e11 form agst the only c form issued so is there any complication arises to collect form e1 & e11 by the 3rd dealer form the sales tax authority.

  13. ashok patel says:

    In my opinion as a sales tax consultant since last 35-years Sale in Transit Transaction must be avoided as in each and every state its the mother place of Corruption for Sales Tax authorities in India
    You give any evidence as proof of sale c form E-1 E-11 and proof of delivery endorse but corrupt officer does not agrees to the same and dispute arises and passes heavy dues demand to please state govt and you go in appeal with added cost and harassment, and its waste of time energy and money or give corruption money as settled and they pass useless orders which are to be dumped in your fine and govt files

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